======= GCG =======


== Gene Information ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Symbol</color>**: GCG
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Name</color>**: glucagon
  * **<color #00a2e8>Aliases and Previous Symbols</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez ID</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=2641|2641]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt</color>**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01275|P01275]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>Interactions</color>**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=GCG&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>PubMed articles</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20GCG|Open PubMed]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>OMIM</color>**: [[https://omim.org/entry/138030|Open OMIM]]

== Function Summary ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez Summary</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt Summary</color>**:  Glucagon plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plays an important role in initiating and maintaining hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes. GLP-2 stimulates intestinal growth and up-regulates villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. The gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the colon is the principal target for GLP-2 action. Plays a key role in nutrient homeostasis, enhancing nutrient assimilation through enhanced gastrointestinal function, as well as increasing nutrient disposal. Stimulates intestinal glucose transport and decreases mucosal permeability. Glicentin may modulate gastric acid secretion and the gastro-pyloro-duodenal activity. May play an important role in intestinal mucosal growth in the early period of life.

<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='Pfam_Domains'>Pfam Domains</button>
<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='GO_terms'>GO Terms</button>


<modal id='Pfam_Domains' size='lg' title='Pfam Domains'>
|Hormone 2|
</modal>

<modal id='GO_terms' size='lg' title='GO Terms'>
|glucagon receptor binding|
|positive regulation of gluconeogenesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter|
|regulation of gluconeogenesis by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter|
|regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter|
|protein kinase A signaling|
|positive regulation of gluconeogenesis|
|positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation|
|positive regulation of calcium ion import|
|negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis|
|cellular response to glucagon stimulus|
|regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation|
|positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation|
|positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus|
|response to glucagon|
|positive regulation of glucose metabolic process|
|positive regulation of histone methylation|
|regulation of calcium ion import|
|regulation of execution phase of apoptosis|
|regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation|
|regulation of gluconeogenesis|
|regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus|
|positive regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process|
|regulation of histone methylation|
|positive regulation of insulin secretion|
|positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process|
|feeding behavior|
|positive regulation of histone modification|
|positive regulation of protein binding|
|regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion|
|hormone activity|
|positive regulation of chromatin organization|
|positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation|
|regulation of glucose metabolic process|
|secretory granule lumen|
|positive regulation of calcium ion transport|
|positive regulation of hormone secretion|
|adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway|
|regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation|
|positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process|
|regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process|
|regulation of histone modification|
|cAMP-mediated signaling|
|cyclic-nucleotide-mediated signaling|
|positive regulation of chromosome organization|
|regulation of insulin secretion|
|positive regulation of binding|
|regulation of chromatin organization|
|regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process|
|adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway|
|regulation of peptide hormone secretion|
|positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade|
|regulation of protein binding|
|G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger|
|regulation of calcium ion transport|
|cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus|
|regulation of hormone secretion|
|positive regulation of protein secretion|
|positive regulation of ion transport|
|positive regulation of peptide secretion|
|regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade|
|endoplasmic reticulum lumen|
|cellular response to peptide|
|signaling receptor binding|
|second-messenger-mediated signaling|
|regulation of chromosome organization|
|regulation of binding|
|regulation of metal ion transport|
|response to peptide hormone|
|positive regulation of secretion by cell|
|positive regulation of protein transport|
|regulation of small molecule metabolic process|
|positive regulation of secretion|
|positive regulation of establishment of protein localization|
|regulation of protein secretion|
|response to peptide|
|regulation of peptide secretion|
|regulation of hormone levels|
|positive regulation of protein kinase activity|
|positive regulation of MAPK cascade|
|behavior|
|positive regulation of kinase activity|
|cellular response to organonitrogen compound|
|cellular response to hormone stimulus|
|positive regulation of organelle organization|
|positive regulation of transferase activity|
|cellular response to nitrogen compound|
|regulation of ion transport|
|regulation of protein transport|
|regulation of peptide transport|
|regulation of establishment of protein localization|
|regulation of secretion by cell|
|regulation of MAPK cascade|
|regulation of protein kinase activity|
|regulation of secretion|
|regulation of kinase activity|
|negative regulation of apoptotic process|
|negative regulation of programmed cell death|
|response to hormone|
|regulation of cellular localization|
|regulation of transferase activity|
|positive regulation of transport|
|negative regulation of cell death|
|response to organonitrogen compound|
|positive regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction|
|regulation of protein localization|
|cellular response to oxygen-containing compound|
|positive regulation of phosphorylation|
|identical protein binding|
|response to nitrogen compound|
|positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|positive regulation of cellular component organization|
|positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II|
|cellular response to endogenous stimulus|
|positive regulation of protein modification process|
|regulation of organelle organization|
|G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of catalytic activity|
|regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|response to endogenous stimulus|
|positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated|
|regulation of apoptotic process|
|response to oxygen-containing compound|
|regulation of programmed cell death|
|regulation of phosphorylation|
|extracellular space|
|positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process|
|positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription|
|positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of signal transduction|
|regulation of cell death|
|intracellular signal transduction|
|positive regulation of protein metabolic process|
|positive regulation of RNA metabolic process|
|positive regulation of molecular function|
|regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|positive regulation of cell communication|
|positive regulation of signaling|
|regulation of intracellular signal transduction|
|regulation of protein modification process|
|regulation of transport|
|positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|extracellular region|
|positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of gene expression|
|positive regulation of biosynthetic process|
</modal>
\\

 === CRISPR Data ===
<button type='default' size='small' modal='Compound_Hit'>Compound Hit</button>
<button type='default' size='small' modal='Most_Correlated_Genes'>Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Essential_Avana'>Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)</button>

<modal id='Compound_Hit' size='lg' title='Compound Hit'>
No hits were found.
</modal>

<modal id='Most_Correlated_Genes' size='lg' title='Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics'>
No correlation found to any other genes in chemogenomics.
</modal>

<modal id='Essential_Avana' size='lg' title='Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)'>
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 0/739
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|0/28|
|blood|0/28|
|bone|0/26|
|breast|0/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|0/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|0/16|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|0/16|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|0/24|
|soft tissue|0/9|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
</modal>

== Essentiality in NALM6  ==
    * **<color #00a2e8>Essentiality Rank</color>**: 15442
    * **<color #00a2e8>Expression level (log2 read counts)</color>**: -7.68 
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Dist_expr'>Expression Distribution</button>
<modal id='Dist_expr' size='lg' title='GCG Expression in NALM6 Cells: -7.68'>
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}
</modal>