======= GLUL =======


== Gene Information ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Symbol</color>**: GLUL
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Name</color>**: glutamate-ammonia ligase
  * **<color #00a2e8>Aliases and Previous Symbols</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez ID</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=2752|2752]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt</color>**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P15104|P15104]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>Interactions</color>**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=GLUL&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>PubMed articles</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20GLUL|Open PubMed]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>OMIM</color>**: [[https://omim.org/entry/138290|Open OMIM]]

== Function Summary ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez Summary</color>**:  The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutamine synthetase family. It catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia in an ATP-dependent reaction. This protein plays a role in ammonia and glutamate detoxification, acid-base homeostasis, cell signaling, and cell proliferation. Glutamine is an abundant amino acid, and is important to the biosynthesis of several amino acids, pyrimidines, and purines. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital glutamine deficiency, and overexpression of this gene was observed in some primary liver cancer samples. There are six pseudogenes of this gene found on chromosomes 2, 5, 9, 11, and 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]. 
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt Summary</color>**:  This enzyme has 2 functions: it catalyzes the production of glutamine and 4-aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA), the latter in a pyridoxal phosphate-independent manner (By similarity). Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18662667}.

<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='Pfam_Domains'>Pfam Domains</button>
<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='GO_terms'>GO Terms</button>


<modal id='Pfam_Domains' size='lg' title='Pfam Domains'>
|Gln-synt N|
|Gln-synt C|
</modal>

<modal id='GO_terms' size='lg' title='GO Terms'>
|ammonia assimilation cycle|
|glutamine biosynthetic process|
|nitrogen utilization|
|glutamate-ammonia ligase activity|
|regulation of protein localization to nucleolus|
|glutamate catabolic process|
|glial cell projection|
|glutamate binding|
|dicarboxylic acid catabolic process|
|glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process|
|glutamine metabolic process|
|dynein light chain binding|
|glutamine family amino acid catabolic process|
|protein-cysteine S-palmitoyltransferase activity|
|neurotransmitter uptake|
|glutamate metabolic process|
|myelin sheath|
|positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic|
|protein palmitoylation|
|axon terminus|
|rough endoplasmic reticulum|
|manganese ion binding|
|alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process|
|regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic|
|regulation of sprouting angiogenesis|
|glutamine family amino acid metabolic process|
|positive regulation of insulin secretion|
|cellular amino acid biosynthetic process|
|protein lipidation|
|lipoprotein biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion|
|dicarboxylic acid metabolic process|
|alpha-amino acid catabolic process|
|regulation of protein localization to nucleus|
|lipoprotein metabolic process|
|cellular amino acid catabolic process|
|positive regulation of hormone secretion|
|perikaryon|
|response to glucose|
|response to hexose|
|response to monosaccharide|
|cellular response to starvation|
|positive regulation of synaptic transmission|
|regulation of endothelial cell migration|
|response to carbohydrate|
|regulation of insulin secretion|
|neurotransmitter transport|
|protein acylation|
|positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation|
|response to starvation|
|regulation of peptide hormone secretion|
|alpha-amino acid metabolic process|
|magnesium ion binding|
|regulation of epithelial cell migration|
|cellular response to nutrient levels|
|cellular response to extracellular stimulus|
|carboxylic acid catabolic process|
|organic acid catabolic process|
|regulation of hormone secretion|
|positive regulation of protein secretion|
|regulation of angiogenesis|
|positive regulation of peptide secretion|
|ribosome biogenesis|
|carboxylic acid biosynthetic process|
|organic acid biosynthetic process|
|cellular amino acid metabolic process|
|angiogenesis|
|regulation of vasculature development|
|regulation of epithelial cell proliferation|
|cellular response to external stimulus|
|protein homooligomerization|
|regulation of neurotransmitter levels|
|positive regulation of secretion by cell|
|blood vessel morphogenesis|
|positive regulation of protein transport|
|positive regulation of secretion|
|small molecule catabolic process|
|modulation of chemical synaptic transmission|
|regulation of trans-synaptic signaling|
|ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis|
|positive regulation of establishment of protein localization|
|regulation of protein secretion|
|blood vessel development|
|regulation of peptide secretion|
|response to nutrient levels|
|vasculature development|
|cardiovascular system development|
|protein complex oligomerization|
|response to extracellular stimulus|
|regulation of hormone levels|
|regulation of cellular protein localization|
|cell population proliferation|
|small molecule biosynthetic process|
|protein-containing complex|
|tube morphogenesis|
|import into cell|
|regulation of protein transport|
|regulation of peptide transport|
|regulation of establishment of protein localization|
|regulation of secretion by cell|
|regulation of secretion|
|tube development|
|regulation of cell migration|
|circulatory system development|
|anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis|
|carboxylic acid metabolic process|
|regulation of cell motility|
|regulation of cellular localization|
|positive regulation of cell population proliferation|
|regulation of locomotion|
|positive regulation of transport|
|regulation of cellular component movement|
|oxoacid metabolic process|
|organic acid metabolic process|
|regulation of protein localization|
|organonitrogen compound catabolic process|
|regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis|
|identical protein binding|
|mitochondrion|
|organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process|
|ATP binding|
|response to oxygen-containing compound|
|protein-containing complex assembly|
|regulation of cell population proliferation|
|cellular response to stress|
|cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|small molecule metabolic process|
|macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|organic substance catabolic process|
|cellular catabolic process|
|positive regulation of cell communication|
|positive regulation of signaling|
|protein-containing complex subunit organization|
|regulation of transport|
</modal>
\\

 === CRISPR Data ===
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Compound_Hit'>Compound Hit</button>
<button type='default' size='small' modal='Most_Correlated_Genes'>Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Essential_Avana'>Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)</button>

<modal id='Compound_Hit' size='lg' title='Compound Hit'>
^Screen^Score^
|[[:results:exp77|Prochlorperazine 5.2μM R02 exp77]]|1.89|
|[[:results:exp273|Cisplatin 0.35μM R06 exp273]]|2.04|
</modal>

<modal id='Most_Correlated_Genes' size='lg' title='Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics'>
No correlation found to any other genes in chemogenomics.
</modal>

<modal id='Essential_Avana' size='lg' title='Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)'>
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 0/739
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|0/28|
|blood|0/28|
|bone|0/26|
|breast|0/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|0/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|0/16|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|0/16|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|0/24|
|soft tissue|0/9|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
</modal>

== Essentiality in NALM6  ==
    * **<color #00a2e8>Essentiality Rank</color>**: 17266
    * **<color #00a2e8>Expression level (log2 read counts)</color>**: 7.96 
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Dist_expr'>Expression Distribution</button>
<modal id='Dist_expr' size='lg' title='GLUL Expression in NALM6 Cells: 7.96'>
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}
</modal>