======= GNAS =======


== Gene Information ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Symbol</color>**: GNAS
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Name</color>**: GNAS complex locus
  * **<color #00a2e8>Aliases and Previous Symbols</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez ID</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=2778|2778]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt</color>**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/"O95467|P63092|P84996|Q5JWF2"|"O95467|P63092|P84996|Q5JWF2"]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>Interactions</color>**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=GNAS&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>PubMed articles</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20GNAS|Open PubMed]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>OMIM</color>**: [[https://omim.org/entry/139320|Open OMIM]]

== Function Summary ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez Summary</color>**:  This locus has a highly complex imprinted expression pattern. It gives rise to maternally, paternally, and biallelically expressed transcripts that are derived from four alternative promoters and 5' exons. Some transcripts contain a differentially methylated region (DMR) at their 5' exons, and this DMR is commonly found in imprinted genes and correlates with transcript expression. An antisense transcript is produced from an overlapping locus on the opposite strand. One of the transcripts produced from this locus, and the antisense transcript, are paternally expressed noncoding RNAs, and may regulate imprinting in this region. In addition, one of the transcripts contains a second overlapping ORF, which encodes a structurally unrelated protein - Alex. Alternative splicing of downstream exons is also observed, which results in different forms of the stimulatory G-protein alpha subunit, a key element of the classical signal transduction pathway linking receptor-ligand interactions with the activation of adenylyl cyclase and a variety of cellular reponses. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Mutations in this gene result in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a, pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b, Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism, McCune-Albright syndrome, progressive osseus heteroplasia, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone, and some pituitary tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]. 
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt Summary</color>**: N/A

<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='Pfam_Domains'>Pfam Domains</button>
<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='GO_terms'>GO Terms</button>


<modal id='Pfam_Domains' size='lg' title='Pfam Domains'>
|Arf|
|G-alpha|
|NESP55|
</modal>

<modal id='GO_terms' size='lg' title='GO Terms'>
|post-embryonic body morphogenesis|
|regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion|
|mu-type opioid receptor binding|
|corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding|
|adenylate cyclase activator activity|
|beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding|
|D1 dopamine receptor binding|
|adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway|
|post-embryonic animal morphogenesis|
|insulin-like growth factor receptor binding|
|G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding|
|genetic imprinting|
|positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation|
|replacement ossification|
|endochondral ossification|
|embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis|
|heterotrimeric G-protein complex|
|ionotropic glutamate receptor binding|
|dopamine receptor signaling pathway|
|hindlimb morphogenesis|
|regulation of endocrine process|
|platelet aggregation|
|embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis|
|body morphogenesis|
|DNA methylation|
|DNA alkylation|
|positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation|
|positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation|
|homotypic cell-cell adhesion|
|energy reserve metabolic process|
|DNA methylation or demethylation|
|regulation of osteoclast differentiation|
|cranial skeletal system development|
|G protein-coupled receptor binding|
|endochondral bone morphogenesis|
|multicellular organism growth|
|positive regulation of ossification|
|cellular response to dopamine|
|response to dopamine|
|DNA modification|
|post-embryonic development|
|positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation|
|signal transduction involved in cellular response to ammonium ion|
|embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis|
|positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis|
|cellular response to monoamine stimulus|
|cellular response to catecholamine stimulus|
|response to monoamine|
|response to catecholamine|
|regulation of osteoblast differentiation|
|bone morphogenesis|
|regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation|
|embryonic limb morphogenesis|
|embryonic appendage morphogenesis|
|embryonic skeletal system development|
|adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway|
|cellular response to ammonium ion|
|platelet activation|
|regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis|
|cAMP-mediated signaling|
|positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation|
|appendage morphogenesis|
|limb morphogenesis|
|cartilage development|
|cyclic-nucleotide-mediated signaling|
|appendage development|
|limb development|
|response to ammonium ion|
|positive regulation of hemopoiesis|
|regulation of ossification|
|tissue homeostasis|
|bone development|
|adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway|
|connective tissue development|
|regulation of myeloid cell differentiation|
|energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds|
|skeletal system morphogenesis|
|G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger|
|macromolecule methylation|
|ossification|
|regulation of hormone secretion|
|regulation of leukocyte differentiation|
|embryonic organ morphogenesis|
|blood coagulation|
|coagulation|
|hemostasis|
|methylation|
|apical plasma membrane|
|multicellular organismal homeostasis|
|GTPase activity|
|second-messenger-mediated signaling|
|anatomical structure homeostasis|
|skin development|
|developmental growth|
|GTP binding|
|growth|
|cellular response to drug|
|dendrite|
|generation of precursor metabolites and energy|
|embryonic organ development|
|regulation of hemopoiesis|
|wound healing|
|skeletal system development|
|regulation of body fluid levels|
|cell-cell adhesion|
|regulation of hormone levels|
|cellular response to organic cyclic compound|
|embryonic morphogenesis|
|response to wounding|
|regulation of system process|
|cellular response to organonitrogen compound|
|chordate embryonic development|
|embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching|
|cellular response to nitrogen compound|
|DNA metabolic process|
|regulation of secretion by cell|
|regulation of secretion|
|response to organic cyclic compound|
|cell adhesion|
|biological adhesion|
|animal organ morphogenesis|
|oxidation-reduction process|
|positive regulation of cell differentiation|
|embryo development|
|response to organonitrogen compound|
|response to drug|
|cellular response to oxygen-containing compound|
|cell activation|
|response to nitrogen compound|
|positive regulation of immune system process|
|cellular response to endogenous stimulus|
|G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of developmental process|
|positive regulation of catalytic activity|
|response to endogenous stimulus|
|response to oxygen-containing compound|
|homeostatic process|
|regulation of immune system process|
|intracellular signal transduction|
|positive regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|tissue development|
|positive regulation of molecular function|
|regulation of cell differentiation|
|regulation of transport|
|membrane|
</modal>
\\

 === CRISPR Data ===
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Compound_Hit'>Compound Hit</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Most_Correlated_Genes'>Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Essential_Avana'>Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)</button>

<modal id='Compound_Hit' size='lg' title='Compound Hit'>
^Screen^Score^
|[[:results:exp365|I-BRD9 4μM R07 exp365]]|-3.81|
|[[:results:exp514|Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate 0.57μM R08 exp514]]|-2.9|
|[[:results:exp415|Trichostatin-A 0.06μM R07 exp415]]|-2.69|
|[[:results:exp149|SB203580 25μM R03 exp149]]|-2.44|
|[[:results:exp393|Resminostat 0.5μM R07 exp393]]|-2.14|
|[[:results:exp391|Pomalidomide 20μM R07 exp391]]|-2.12|
|[[:results:exp501|Methotrexate 0.01μM R08 exp501]]|-2.08|
|[[:results:exp5|Alpha-Amanitin 0.5μM R00 exp5]]|-1.97|
|[[:results:exp162|BI-D1870 2μM R04 exp162]]|-1.9|
|[[:results:exp95|BI-2536 0.0042μM R03 exp95]]|-1.86|
|[[:results:exp66|BI-D1870 3.15μM R02 exp66]]|-1.8|
|[[:results:exp417|Tubastatin-A 2.5μM R07 exp417]]|-1.75|
|[[:results:exp81|Selumetinib 20μM R02 exp81]]|-1.72|
|[[:results:exp447|Amiloride 100μM R08 exp447]]|1.92|
|[[:results:exp487|Hinokiflavone 12μM R08 exp487]]|1.94|
|[[:results:exp191|Hypoxia 5%O2 R04 exp191]]|2|
|[[:results:exp259|6-Thio-2-deoxyguanosine 2μM R06 exp259]]|2.01|
|[[:results:exp503|Mitomycin-C 0.06μM R08 exp503]]|2.02|
|[[:results:exp512|Olaparib 4μM R08 exp512]]|2.03|
|[[:results:exp72|LB-100 4.1μM R02 exp72]]|2.08|
|[[:results:exp440|Aphidicolin 0.4μM R08 exp440]]|2.11|
|[[:results:exp407|Thapsigargin 0.005μM R07 exp407]]|2.12|
|[[:results:exp216|Erlotinib 10μM R05 exp216]]|2.15|
|[[:results:exp47|Lapatinib 5μM R01 exp47]]|2.19|
|[[:results:exp374|Latrunculin-B 10μM R07 exp374]]|2.24|
|[[:results:exp274|Citral 50μM R06 exp274]]|2.27|
|[[:results:exp116|AICAR 240μM R03 exp116]]|2.46|
|[[:results:exp535|Trimetrexate 0.03μM R08 exp535]]|2.66|
|[[:results:exp488|Hippuristanol 0.12μM R08 exp488]]|2.83|
|[[:results:exp234|Ethanol 0.01 R05 exp234]]|2.9|
|[[:results:exp134|MS023 2μM R03 exp134]]|3.13|
|[[:results:exp489|Hippuristanol 0.12μM R08 exp489 no dilution day6]]|3.24|
|[[:results:exp502|Milciclib 2μM R08 exp502]]|3.43|
|[[:results:exp135|MS023 7μM R03 exp135]]|3.55|
|[[:results:exp456|Benzoate 20000μM R08 exp456]]|3.96|
|[[:results:exp524|Staurosporine 0.02μM R08 exp524]]|4.75|
</modal>

<modal id='Most_Correlated_Genes' size='lg' title='Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics'>
^Gene^Correlation^
|[[:human genes:p:prkaca|PRKACA]]|0.69|
|[[:human genes:p:pdpk1|PDPK1]]|0.473|
|[[:human genes:m:mapkap1|MAPKAP1]]|0.471|
|[[:human genes:a:ankmy2|ANKMY2]]|0.457|
|[[:human genes:r:rictor|RICTOR]]|0.45|
|[[:human genes:b:bcl2l11|BCL2L11]]|0.447|
|[[:human genes:b:bak1|BAK1]]|0.443|
|[[:human genes:v:vdac2|VDAC2]]|0.437|
|[[:human genes:p:pik3cd|PIK3CD]]|0.425|
|[[:human genes:c:cd19|CD19]]|0.42|
|[[:human genes:p:plagl2|PLAGL2]]|0.405|
|[[:human genes:u:ubqln1|UBQLN1]]|0.405|
|[[:human genes:a:apaf1|APAF1]]|0.403|
|[[:human genes:n:ncor1|NCOR1]]|0.403|
</modal>

<modal id='Essential_Avana' size='lg' title='Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)'>
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 0/739
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|0/28|
|blood|0/28|
|bone|0/26|
|breast|0/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|0/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|0/16|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|0/16|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|0/24|
|soft tissue|0/9|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
</modal>

== Essentiality in NALM6  ==
    * **<color #00a2e8>Essentiality Rank</color>**: 12282
    * **<color #00a2e8>Expression level (log2 read counts)</color>**: 9.21 
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Dist_expr'>Expression Distribution</button>
<modal id='Dist_expr' size='lg' title='GNAS Expression in NALM6 Cells: 9.21'>
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}
</modal>