======= HRG =======


== Gene Information ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Symbol</color>**: HRG
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Name</color>**: histidine rich glycoprotein
  * **<color #00a2e8>Aliases and Previous Symbols</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez ID</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=3273|3273]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt</color>**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04196|P04196]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>Interactions</color>**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=HRG&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>PubMed articles</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20HRG|Open PubMed]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>OMIM</color>**: [[https://omim.org/entry/142640|Open OMIM]]

== Function Summary ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez Summary</color>**:  This histidine-rich glycoprotein contains two cystatin-like domains and is located in plasma and platelets. The physiological function has not been determined but it is known that the protein binds heme, dyes and divalent metal ions. The encoded protein also has a peptide that displays antimicrobial activity against C. albicans, E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis. It can inhibit rosette formation and interacts with heparin, thrombospondin and plasminogen. Two of the protein's effects, the inhibition of fibrinolysis and the reduction of inhibition of coagulation, indicate a potential prothrombotic effect. Mutations in this gene lead to thrombophilia due to abnormal histidine-rich glycoprotein levels. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]. 
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt Summary</color>**:  Plasma glycoprotein that binds a number of ligands such as heme, heparin, heparan sulfate, thrombospondin, plasminogen, and divalent metal ions. Binds heparin and heparin/glycosaminoglycans in a zinc-dependent manner. Binds heparan sulfate on the surface of liver, lung, kidney and heart endothelial cells. Binds to N-sulfated polysaccharide chains on the surface of liver endothelial cells. Inhibits rosette formation. Acts as an adapter protein and is implicated in regulating many processes such as immune complex and pathogen clearance, cell chemotaxis, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Mediates clearance of necrotic cells through enhancing the phagocytosis of necrotic cells in a heparan sulfate-dependent pathway. This process can be regulated by the presence of certain HRG ligands such as heparin and zinc ions. Binds to IgG subclasses of immunoglobins containing kappa and lambda light chains with different affinities regulating their clearance and inhibiting the formation of insoluble immune complexes. Tethers plasminogen to the cell surface. Binds T-cells and alters the cell morphology. Modulates angiogenesis by blocking the CD6-mediated antiangiongenic effect of thrombospondins, THBS1 and THBS2. Acts as a regulator of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway; inhibits endothelial cell motility by reducing VEGF-induced complex formation between PXN/paxillin and ILK/integrin-linked protein kinase and by promoting inhibition of VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinases and alpha-actinins in endothelial cells. Also plays a role in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and tumor immune surveillance. Normalizes tumor vessels and promotes antitumor immunity by polarizing tumor-associated macrophages, leading to decreased tumor growth and metastasis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11134179, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12235005, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14744774, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15220341, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15313924, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16436387, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16489009, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19285951, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19535045, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19712047, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19903770, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20573803, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21215706, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21304106}.

<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='Pfam_Domains'>Pfam Domains</button>
<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='GO_terms'>GO Terms</button>


<modal id='Pfam_Domains' size='lg' title='Pfam Domains'>
|Cystatin|
</modal>

<modal id='GO_terms' size='lg' title='GO Terms'>
|endolysosome|
|positive regulation of blood vessel remodeling|
|negative regulation of lamellipodium assembly|
|negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis|
|immunoglobulin binding|
|cytolysis in other organism|
|negative regulation of lamellipodium organization|
|heme transport|
|regulation of blood vessel remodeling|
|negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway|
|negative regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus|
|negative regulation of fibrinolysis|
|negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin|
|positive regulation of response to tumor cell|
|positive regulation of immune response to tumor cell|
|iron coordination entity transport|
|regulation of fibrinolysis|
|regulation of immune response to tumor cell|
|regulation of response to tumor cell|
|heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding|
|regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway|
|regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus|
|regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis|
|fibrinolysis|
|multi-organism cellular process|
|cytolysis|
|positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly|
|negative regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly|
|positive regulation of hemostasis|
|positive regulation of blood coagulation|
|positive regulation of coagulation|
|regulation of lamellipodium assembly|
|positive regulation of adherens junction organization|
|regulation of platelet activation|
|positive regulation of tissue remodeling|
|negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration|
|positive regulation of cell junction assembly|
|cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity|
|defense response to fungus|
|regulation of lamellipodium organization|
|cofactor transport|
|regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin|
|negative regulation of endothelial cell migration|
|response to fungus|
|killing of cells of other organism|
|disruption of cells of other organism|
|negative regulation of blood coagulation|
|negative regulation of hemostasis|
|positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion|
|negative regulation of coagulation|
|positive regulation of wound healing|
|negative regulation of chemotaxis|
|regulation of cell-substrate junction assembly|
|regulation of focal adhesion assembly|
|antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide|
|positive regulation of response to wounding|
|negative regulation of epithelial cell migration|
|regulation of adherens junction organization|
|platelet alpha granule lumen|
|iron ion transport|
|negative regulation of wound healing|
|regulation of tissue remodeling|
|regulation of blood coagulation|
|regulation of hemostasis|
|regulation of coagulation|
|negative regulation of response to wounding|
|cell killing|
|regulation of cell junction assembly|
|regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration|
|serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity|
|negative regulation of angiogenesis|
|negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis|
|antimicrobial humoral response|
|regulation of cell-matrix adhesion|
|negative regulation of vasculature development|
|transition metal ion transport|
|positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion|
|platelet degranulation|
|platelet activation|
|regulation of wound healing|
|heme binding|
|blood microparticle|
|negative regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus|
|modification of morphology or physiology of other organism|
|regulation of endothelial cell migration|
|regulation of response to wounding|
|heparin binding|
|negative regulation of cell projection organization|
|negative regulation of cell growth|
|regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly|
|regulation of cell projection assembly|
|regulation of cell-substrate adhesion|
|regulation of chemotaxis|
|regulation of epithelial cell migration|
|negative regulation of growth|
|negative regulation of endopeptidase activity|
|regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation|
|negative regulation of peptidase activity|
|negative regulation of cell migration|
|regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus|
|negative regulation of cell adhesion|
|negative regulation of cell motility|
|regulation of angiogenesis|
|blood coagulation|
|coagulation|
|hemostasis|
|negative regulation of cellular component movement|
|angiogenesis|
|regulation of vasculature development|
|negative regulation of locomotion|
|signaling receptor binding|
|regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization|
|humoral immune response|
|negative regulation of proteolysis|
|positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus|
|collagen-containing extracellular matrix|
|negative regulation of response to external stimulus|
|regulation of actin filament-based process|
|positive regulation of cell adhesion|
|blood vessel morphogenesis|
|regulation of endopeptidase activity|
|regulation of cell growth|
|regulation of peptidase activity|
|regulation of protein complex assembly|
|negative regulation of hydrolase activity|
|wound healing|
|blood vessel development|
|regulation of body fluid levels|
|vasculature development|
|cardiovascular system development|
|positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis|
|regulation of response to biotic stimulus|
|regulation of cytoskeleton organization|
|chemotaxis|
|taxis|
|response to wounding|
|positive regulation of response to external stimulus|
|cell surface|
|metal ion transport|
|regulation of cell activation|
|positive regulation of apoptotic process|
|positive regulation of programmed cell death|
|tube morphogenesis|
|regulation of growth|
|negative regulation of cell population proliferation|
|regulation of cell adhesion|
|regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization|
|positive regulation of cell death|
|regulated exocytosis|
|negative regulation of cellular component organization|
|regulation of cell projection organization|
|regulation of proteolysis|
|negative regulation of catalytic activity|
|exocytosis|
|interspecies interaction between organisms|
|cation transport|
|zinc ion binding|
|tube development|
|regulation of cell migration|
|positive regulation of immune response|
|circulatory system development|
|anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis|
|regulation of cell motility|
|negative regulation of developmental process|
|defense response to other organism|
|regulation of cellular component biogenesis|
|regulation of locomotion|
|regulation of cellular component movement|
|secretion by cell|
|negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process|
|export from cell|
|regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis|
|cell activation|
|regulation of response to external stimulus|
|negative regulation of protein metabolic process|
|secretion|
|negative regulation of molecular function|
|positive regulation of immune system process|
|regulation of immune response|
|negative regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|positive regulation of cellular component organization|
|negative regulation of signal transduction|
|regulation of hydrolase activity|
|regulation of organelle organization|
|response to other organism|
|response to external biotic stimulus|
|locomotion|
|response to biotic stimulus|
|defense response|
|negative regulation of cell communication|
|negative regulation of signaling|
|ion transport|
|regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|regulation of response to stress|
|regulation of apoptotic process|
|regulation of programmed cell death|
|regulation of phosphorylation|
|regulation of cell population proliferation|
|negative regulation of response to stimulus|
|regulation of immune system process|
|regulation of cell death|
|positive regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|regulation of protein modification process|
|nitrogen compound transport|
|immune response|
|extracellular region|
|vesicle-mediated transport|
</modal>
\\

 === CRISPR Data ===
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Compound_Hit'>Compound Hit</button>
<button type='default' size='small' modal='Most_Correlated_Genes'>Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Essential_Avana'>Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)</button>

<modal id='Compound_Hit' size='lg' title='Compound Hit'>
^Screen^Score^
|[[:results:exp209|Deguelin 0.15μM R05 exp209]]|-1.92|
|[[:results:exp116|AICAR 240μM R03 exp116]]|1.7|
</modal>

<modal id='Most_Correlated_Genes' size='lg' title='Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics'>
No correlation found to any other genes in chemogenomics.
</modal>

<modal id='Essential_Avana' size='lg' title='Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)'>
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 0/739
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|0/28|
|blood|0/28|
|bone|0/26|
|breast|0/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|0/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|0/16|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|0/16|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|0/24|
|soft tissue|0/9|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
</modal>

== Essentiality in NALM6  ==
    * **<color #00a2e8>Essentiality Rank</color>**: 18488
    * **<color #00a2e8>Expression level (log2 read counts)</color>**: 1.72 
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Dist_expr'>Expression Distribution</button>
<modal id='Dist_expr' size='lg' title='HRG Expression in NALM6 Cells: 1.72'>
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}
</modal>