======= PARP9 =======


== Gene Information ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Symbol</color>**: PARP9
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Name</color>**: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 9
  * **<color #00a2e8>Aliases and Previous Symbols</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez ID</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=83666|83666]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt</color>**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8IXQ6|Q8IXQ6]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>Interactions</color>**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=PARP9&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>PubMed articles</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20PARP9|Open PubMed]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>OMIM</color>**: [[https://omim.org/entry/612065|Open OMIM]]

== Function Summary ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez Summary</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt Summary</color>**:  ADP-ribosyltransferase which, in association with E3 ligase DTX3L, plays a role in DNA damage repair and in immune responses including interferon-mediated antiviral defenses (PubMed:16809771, PubMed:23230272, PubMed:26479788, PubMed:27796300). Within the complex, enhances DTX3L E3 ligase activity which is further enhanced by PARP9 binding to poly(ADP- ribose) (PubMed:28525742). In association with DTX3L and in presence of E1 and E2 enzymes, mediates NAD(+)-dependent mono-ADP- ribosylation of ubiquitin which prevents ubiquitin conjugation to substrates such as histones (PubMed:28525742). During DNA repair, PARP1 recruits PARP9/BAL1-DTX3L complex to DNA damage sites via PARP9 binding to ribosylated PARP1 (PubMed:23230272). Subsequent PARP1-dependent PARP9/BAL1-DTX3L-mediated ubiquitination promotes the rapid and specific recruitment of 53BP1/TP53BP1, UIMC1/RAP80, and BRCA1 to DNA damage sites (PubMed:23230272, PubMed:28525742). In response to DNA damage, PARP9-DTX3L complex is required for efficient non-homologous end joining (NHEJ); the complex function is negatively modulated by PARP9 activity (PubMed:28525742). Dispensable for B-cell receptor (BCR) assembly through V(D)J recombination and class switch recombination (CSR) (By similarity). In macrophages, positively regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines production in response to IFNG stimulation by suppressing PARP14-mediated STAT1 ADP-ribosylation and thus promoting STAT1 phosphorylation (PubMed:27796300). Also suppresses PARP14-mediated STAT6 ADP-ribosylation (PubMed:27796300). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8CAS9, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16809771, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23230272, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26479788, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27796300, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28525742}.

<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='Pfam_Domains'>Pfam Domains</button>
<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='GO_terms'>GO Terms</button>


<modal id='Pfam_Domains' size='lg' title='Pfam Domains'>
|Macro|
</modal>

<modal id='GO_terms' size='lg' title='GO Terms'>
|ADP-D-ribose binding|
|positive regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of response to interferon-gamma|
|protein poly-ADP-ribosylation|
|STAT family protein binding|
|positive regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining|
|positive regulation of chromatin binding|
|NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway|
|NAD+ binding|
|site of DNA damage|
|ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding|
|regulation of chromatin binding|
|regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining|
|regulation of response to interferon-gamma|
|regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of defense response to virus by host|
|NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity|
|NAD biosynthetic process|
|protein ADP-ribosylation|
|enzyme inhibitor activity|
|positive regulation of double-strand break repair|
|nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process|
|pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process|
|nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process|
|pyridine nucleotide metabolic process|
|pyridine-containing compound biosynthetic process|
|regulation of defense response to virus by host|
|pyridine-containing compound metabolic process|
|oxidoreduction coenzyme metabolic process|
|positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of response to cytokine stimulus|
|positive regulation of DNA repair|
|positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein|
|regulation of defense response to virus|
|positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus|
|regulation of double-strand break repair|
|regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein|
|positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT|
|positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT|
|positive regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus|
|regulation of protein localization to nucleus|
|regulation of DNA repair|
|regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT|
|histone binding|
|regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT|
|coenzyme biosynthetic process|
|regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway|
|regulation of response to cytokine stimulus|
|positive regulation of binding|
|double-strand break repair|
|positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation|
|defense response to virus|
|positive regulation of DNA metabolic process|
|cofactor biosynthetic process|
|regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus|
|transcription corepressor activity|
|nucleotide biosynthetic process|
|nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process|
|coenzyme metabolic process|
|regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation|
|response to virus|
|positive regulation of cellular protein localization|
|positive regulation of innate immune response|
|enzyme binding|
|regulation of DNA metabolic process|
|positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus|
|regulation of binding|
|cofactor metabolic process|
|nucleotide metabolic process|
|nucleoside phosphate metabolic process|
|regulation of innate immune response|
|regulation of immune effector process|
|positive regulation of defense response|
|positive regulation of multi-organism process|
|DNA repair|
|regulation of response to biotic stimulus|
|posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression|
|organophosphate biosynthetic process|
|regulation of cellular protein localization|
|nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process|
|protein-containing complex|
|positive regulation of response to external stimulus|
|regulation of cellular response to stress|
|DNA metabolic process|
|regulation of defense response|
|innate immune response|
|regulation of multi-organism process|
|cellular response to DNA damage stimulus|
|negative regulation of catalytic activity|
|negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II|
|positive regulation of immune response|
|organophosphate metabolic process|
|regulation of cellular localization|
|defense response to other organism|
|cell migration|
|positive regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|regulation of protein localization|
|positive regulation of phosphorylation|
|cell motility|
|localization of cell|
|immune effector process|
|regulation of response to external stimulus|
|nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|negative regulation of molecular function|
|positive regulation of immune system process|
|regulation of immune response|
|heterocycle biosynthetic process|
|aromatic compound biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated|
|positive regulation of protein modification process|
|negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription|
|negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process|
|mitochondrion|
|response to other organism|
|organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process|
|response to external biotic stimulus|
|locomotion|
|response to biotic stimulus|
|negative regulation of RNA metabolic process|
|defense response|
|negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|regulation of response to stress|
|negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated|
|negative regulation of biosynthetic process|
|movement of cell or subcellular component|
|regulation of phosphorylation|
|positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process|
|cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription|
|positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process|
|regulation of immune system process|
|positive regulation of signal transduction|
|cellular response to stress|
|positive regulation of protein metabolic process|
|negative regulation of gene expression|
|positive regulation of RNA metabolic process|
|small molecule metabolic process|
|positive regulation of molecular function|
|regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|positive regulation of cell communication|
|positive regulation of signaling|
|regulation of protein modification process|
|immune response|
|positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of gene expression|
|membrane|
|positive regulation of biosynthetic process|
</modal>
\\

 === CRISPR Data ===
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Compound_Hit'>Compound Hit</button>
<button type='default' size='small' modal='Most_Correlated_Genes'>Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Essential_Avana'>Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)</button>

<modal id='Compound_Hit' size='lg' title='Compound Hit'>
^Screen^Score^
|[[:results:exp468|CB-5083 0.4μM R08 exp468]]|-1.8|
</modal>

<modal id='Most_Correlated_Genes' size='lg' title='Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics'>
No correlation found to any other genes in chemogenomics.
</modal>

<modal id='Essential_Avana' size='lg' title='Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)'>
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 0/726
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|0/28|
|blood|0/28|
|bone|0/25|
|breast|0/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|0/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|0/15|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|0/14|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|0/24|
|soft tissue|0/7|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
</modal>

== Essentiality in NALM6  ==
    * **<color #00a2e8>Essentiality Rank</color>**: 15989
    * **<color #00a2e8>Expression level (log2 read counts)</color>**: 5.76 
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Dist_expr'>Expression Distribution</button>
<modal id='Dist_expr' size='lg' title='PARP9 Expression in NALM6 Cells: 5.76'>
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}
</modal>