======= PTK2B =======
== Gene Information ==
* **Official Symbol**: PTK2B
* **Official Name**: protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta
* **Aliases and Previous Symbols**: N/A
* **Entrez ID**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=2185|2185]]
* **UniProt**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q14289|Q14289]]
* **Interactions**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=PTK2B&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
* **PubMed articles**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20PTK2B|Open PubMed]]
* **OMIM**: [[https://omim.org/entry/601212|Open OMIM]]
== Function Summary ==
* **Entrez Summary**: This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase which is involved in calcium-induced regulation of ion channels and activation of the map kinase signaling pathway. The encoded protein may represent an important signaling intermediate between neuropeptide-activated receptors or neurotransmitters that increase calcium flux and the downstream signals that regulate neuronal activity. The encoded protein undergoes rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and activation in response to increases in the intracellular calcium concentration, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation, membrane depolarization, or protein kinase C activation. This protein has been shown to bind CRK-associated substrate, nephrocystin, GTPase regulator associated with FAK, and the SH2 domain of GRB2. The encoded protein is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
* **UniProt Summary**: Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarization, cell migration, adhesion, spreading and bone remodeling. Plays a role in the regulation of the humoral immune response, and is required for normal levels of marginal B-cells in the spleen and normal migration of splenic B-cells. Required for normal macrophage polarization and migration towards sites of inflammation. Regulates cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell spreading in T- cells, and contributes to the regulation of T-cell responses. Promotes osteoclastic bone resorption; this requires both PTK2B/PYK2 and SRC. May inhibit differentiation and activity of osteoprogenitor cells. Functions in signaling downstream of integrin and collagen receptors, immune receptors, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), cytokine, chemokine and growth factor receptors, and mediates responses to cellular stress. Forms multisubunit signaling complexes with SRC and SRC family members upon activation; this leads to the phosphorylation of additional tyrosine residues, creating binding sites for scaffold proteins, effectors and substrates. Regulates numerous signaling pathways. Promotes activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and of the AKT1 signaling cascade. Promotes activation of NOS3. Regulates production of the cellular messenger cGMP. Promotes activation of the MAP kinase signaling cascade, including activation of MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK8/JNK1. Promotes activation of Rho family GTPases, such as RHOA and RAC1. Recruits the ubiquitin ligase MDM2 to P53/TP53 in the nucleus, and thereby regulates P53/TP53 activity, P53/TP53 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Acts as a scaffold, binding to both PDPK1 and SRC, thereby allowing SRC to phosphorylate PDPK1 at 'Tyr-9, 'Tyr-373', and 'Tyr-376'. Promotes phosphorylation of NMDA receptors by SRC family members, and thereby contributes to the regulation of NMDA receptor ion channel activity and intracellular Ca(2+) levels. May also regulate potassium ion transport by phosphorylation of potassium channel subunits. Phosphorylates SRC; this increases SRC kinase activity. Phosphorylates ASAP1, NPHP1, KCNA2 and SHC1. Promotes phosphorylation of ASAP2, RHOU and PXN; this requires both SRC and PTK2/PYK2. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10022920, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12771146, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12893833, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14585963, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15050747, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15166227, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17634955, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18086875, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18339875, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18587400, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18765415, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19086031, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19207108, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19244237, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19428251, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19648005, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19880522, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20001213, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20381867, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20521079, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21357692, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21533080, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7544443, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8670418, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8849729}.
|Pkinase Tyr|
|Pkinase|
|FERM M|
|Focal AT|
|3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase binding|
|regulation of B cell chemotaxis|
|positive regulation of B cell chemotaxis|
|activation of Janus kinase activity|
|NMDA glutamate receptor activity|
|regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process|
|signal complex assembly|
|marginal zone B cell differentiation|
|interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway|
|NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex|
|cellular response to interleukin-2|
|response to interleukin-2|
|regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling|
|glial cell proliferation|
|apical dendrite|
|regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process|
|long-term synaptic depression|
|contractile actin filament bundle assembly|
|stress fiber assembly|
|mature B cell differentiation involved in immune response|
|cellular response to fluid shear stress|
|negative regulation of bone mineralization|
|oocyte maturation|
|regulation of establishment of cell polarity|
|positive regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis|
|positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity|
|response to lithium ion|
|bone resorption|
|calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity|
|mature B cell differentiation|
|regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity|
|ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway|
|regulation of macrophage chemotaxis|
|regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis|
|focal adhesion assembly|
|cell-substrate adherens junction assembly|
|positive regulation of monooxygenase activity|
|response to immobilization stress|
|negative regulation of biomineralization|
|negative regulation of biomineral tissue development|
|positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential|
|blood vessel endothelial cell migration|
|positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic|
|positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity|
|negative regulation of potassium ion transport|
|peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation|
|response to fluid shear stress|
|regulation of NMDA receptor activity|
|positive regulation of lipid kinase activity|
|adherens junction assembly|
|positive regulation of lymphocyte migration|
|regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization|
|negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process|
|regulation of macrophage migration|
|oocyte development|
|positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process|
|modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential|
|cell-substrate junction assembly|
|oocyte differentiation|
|regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity|
|B cell activation involved in immune response|
|glutamate receptor signaling pathway|
|non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity|
|bone remodeling|
|long-term synaptic potentiation|
|positive regulation of phospholipid metabolic process|
|epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion|
|regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity|
|cellular defense response|
|positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity|
|regulation of monooxygenase activity|
|response to cocaine|
|regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process|
|sprouting angiogenesis|
|negative regulation of synaptic transmission|
|extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane|
|regulation of lymphocyte migration|
|regulation of lipid kinase activity|
|positive regulation of nervous system process|
|actin filament bundle assembly|
|regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway|
|endothelial cell migration|
|actin filament bundle organization|
|positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process|
|vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway|
|regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process|
|regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic|
|cellular response to retinoic acid|
|ERBB signaling pathway|
|cell body|
|positive regulation of JUN kinase activity|
|negative regulation of ossification|
|regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process|
|regulation of neurotransmitter receptor activity|
|regulation of bone mineralization|
|negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation|
|response to osmotic stress|
|oogenesis|
|regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol|
|response to anesthetic|
|chemokine-mediated signaling pathway|
|epithelial cell migration|
|adherens junction organization|
|positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT|
|regulation of phospholipid metabolic process|
|regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process|
|epithelium migration|
|regulation of JUN kinase activity|
|positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis|
|protein tyrosine kinase activity|
|positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT|
|response to chemokine|
|cellular response to chemokine|
|positive regulation of actin filament polymerization|
|regulation of biomineral tissue development|
|regulation of biomineralization|
|integrin-mediated signaling pathway|
|tissue migration|
|regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process|
|regulation of potassium ion transport|
|regulation of oxidoreductase activity|
|regulation of calcium-mediated signaling|
|activation of GTPase activity|
|positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process|
|positive regulation of endothelial cell migration|
|regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol|
|response to cAMP|
|tissue remodeling|
|B cell differentiation|
|response to retinoic acid|
|lymphocyte activation involved in immune response|
|regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis|
|regulation of DNA biosynthetic process|
|response to alkaloid|
|regulation of cell-matrix adhesion|
|actomyosin structure organization|
|response to hydrogen peroxide|
|tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process|
|positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion|
|regulation of sequestering of calcium ion|
|positive regulation of translation|
|response to ethanol|
|cell-matrix adhesion|
|positive regulation of protein polymerization|
|growth cone|
|positive regulation of leukocyte migration|
|regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT|
|female gamete generation|
|regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT|
|anatomical structure maturation|
|response to organophosphorus|
|positive regulation of chemotaxis|
|cell cortex|
|regulation of nervous system process|
|negative regulation of hemopoiesis|
|response to glucose|
|regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process|
|positive regulation of JNK cascade|
|positive regulation of epithelial cell migration|
|positive regulation of cellular protein catabolic process|
|positive regulation of lipid metabolic process|
|response to hexose|
|peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation|
|negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process|
|negative regulation of ion transport|
|regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport|
|peptidyl-tyrosine modification|
|response to monosaccharide|
|dendritic spine|
|positive regulation of cellular amide metabolic process|
|positive regulation of synaptic transmission|
|response to calcium ion|
|regulation of cell shape|
|response to purine-containing compound|
|regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process|
|B cell activation|
|regulation of endothelial cell migration|
|cell maturation|
|positive regulation of angiogenesis|
|positive regulation of cell growth|
|regulation of actin filament polymerization|
|positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade|
|cell junction assembly|
|positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade|
|regulation of cation channel activity|
|ameboidal-type cell migration|
|response to carbohydrate|
|regulation of signaling receptor activity|
|regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process|
|lamellipodium|
|regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization|
|regulation of actin filament length|
|positive regulation of vasculature development|
|response to ammonium ion|
|cell-substrate adhesion|
|regulation of JNK cascade|
|regulation of synaptic plasticity|
|protein C-terminus binding|
|regulation of ossification|
|positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation|
|tissue homeostasis|
|positive regulation of DNA metabolic process|
|protein autophosphorylation|
|response to reactive oxygen species|
|regulation of leukocyte migration|
|positive regulation of supramolecular fiber organization|
|regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process|
|regulation of neuron apoptotic process|
|negative regulation of neuron death|
|cellular response to acid chemical|
|regulation of cell-substrate adhesion|
|positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade|
|regulation of chemotaxis|
|response to mechanical stimulus|
|gliogenesis|
|cell junction organization|
|regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process|
|positive regulation of protein catabolic process|
|positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization|
|regulation of epithelial cell migration|
|regulation of protein polymerization|
|regulation of myeloid cell differentiation|
|membrane raft|
|response to alcohol|
|regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade|
|regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade|
|lymphocyte differentiation|
|cellular response to tumor necrosis factor|
|actin filament organization|
|developmental maturation|
|regulation of calcium ion transport|
|positive regulation of protein complex assembly|
|regulation of cellular protein catabolic process|
|regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation|
|postsynaptic density|
|germ cell development|
|regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity|
|positive regulation of growth|
|regulation of actin filament organization|
|positive regulation of MAP kinase activity|
|response to tumor necrosis factor|
|regulation of transmembrane transporter activity|
|protein-containing complex binding|
|regulation of transporter activity|
|positive regulation of neuron projection development|
|positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration|
|regulation of angiogenesis|
|ubiquitin protein ligase binding|
|regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade|
|response to xenobiotic stimulus|
|response to antibiotic|
|regulation of neuron death|
|angiogenesis|
|regulation of vasculature development|
|multicellular organismal homeostasis|
|regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration|
|activation of protein kinase activity|
|leukocyte differentiation|
|regulation of cation transmembrane transport|
|positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity|
|anatomical structure homeostasis|
|regulation of MAP kinase activity|
|response to hypoxia|
|regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization|
|response to acid chemical|
|glutamatergic synapse|
|regulation of supramolecular fiber organization|
|regulation of neurotransmitter levels|
|regulation of translation|
|regulation of DNA metabolic process|
|cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism|
|response to decreased oxygen levels|
|positive regulation of proteolysis|
|positive regulation of cellular catabolic process|
|cytoskeleton|
|positive regulation of neuron differentiation|
|response to metal ion|
|neuronal cell body|
|MAPK cascade|
|regulation of cellular component size|
|response to oxygen levels|
|positive regulation of cell projection organization|
|lymphocyte activation|
|regulation of protein catabolic process|
|response to oxidative stress|
|regulation of metal ion transport|
|regulation of actin filament-based process|
|signal transduction by protein phosphorylation|
|regulation of lipid metabolic process|
|positive regulation of cell adhesion|
|regulation of cellular amide metabolic process|
|blood vessel morphogenesis|
|positive regulation of GTPase activity|
|focal adhesion|
|regulation of cell growth|
|dendrite|
|regulation of small molecule metabolic process|
|regulation of membrane potential|
|positive regulation of catabolic process|
|cellular calcium ion homeostasis|
|negative regulation of immune system process|
|modulation of chemical synaptic transmission|
|regulation of trans-synaptic signaling|
|calcium ion homeostasis|
|regulation of protein complex assembly|
|regulation of hemopoiesis|
|supramolecular fiber organization|
|cellular divalent inorganic cation homeostasis|
|positive regulation of neurogenesis|
|regulation of ion transmembrane transport|
|regulation of GTPase activity|
|negative regulation of transport|
|blood vessel development|
|divalent inorganic cation homeostasis|
|regulation of cell morphogenesis|
|actin cytoskeleton organization|
|regulation of neuron projection development|
|positive regulation of cell migration|
|response to toxic substance|
|vasculature development|
|transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway|
|regulation of anatomical structure size|
|regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity|
|cardiovascular system development|
|positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis|
|cellular response to lipid|
|positive regulation of cell motility|
|posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression|
|positive regulation of protein kinase activity|
|response to inorganic substance|
|positive regulation of nervous system development|
|positive regulation of cellular component movement|
|regulation of cytoskeleton organization|
|positive regulation of cell development|
|positive regulation of MAPK cascade|
|positive regulation of locomotion|
|cell population proliferation|
|cellular metal ion homeostasis|
|hemopoiesis|
|regulation of transmembrane transport|
|actin filament-based process|
|positive regulation of kinase activity|
|regulation of system process|
|positive regulation of response to external stimulus|
|hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development|
|adaptive immune response|
|positive regulation of organelle organization|
|leukocyte activation involved in immune response|
|metal ion homeostasis|
|cell activation involved in immune response|
|cellular cation homeostasis|
|cellular ion homeostasis|
|immune system development|
|tube morphogenesis|
|positive regulation of transferase activity|
|regulation of neuron differentiation|
|neuron projection development|
|developmental process involved in reproduction|
|regulation of growth|
|cytokine-mediated signaling pathway|
|negative regulation of cell population proliferation|
|regulation of cell adhesion|
|gamete generation|
|regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization|
|perinuclear region of cytoplasm|
|regulation of ion transport|
|cation homeostasis|
|regulation of cell projection organization|
|negative regulation of cell differentiation|
|enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway|
|inorganic ion homeostasis|
|regulation of proteolysis|
|regulation of cellular response to stress|
|cellular chemical homeostasis|
|regulation of MAPK cascade|
|positive regulation of hydrolase activity|
|ion homeostasis|
|regulation of protein kinase activity|
|neuron development|
|regulation of neurogenesis|
|multicellular organismal reproductive process|
|sexual reproduction|
|regulation of cellular catabolic process|
|cellular protein-containing complex assembly|
|multicellular organism reproduction|
|tube development|
|regulation of cell migration|
|response to lipid|
|circulatory system development|
|regulation of kinase activity|
|peptidyl-amino acid modification|
|negative regulation of apoptotic process|
|anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis|
|cellular homeostasis|
|negative regulation of programmed cell death|
|response to hormone|
|regulation of cell motility|
|positive regulation of cell population proliferation|
|regulation of cellular localization|
|response to organic cyclic compound|
|apoptotic process|
|regulation of nervous system development|
|leukocyte activation|
|cell adhesion|
|regulation of cell development|
|biological adhesion|
|negative regulation of developmental process|
|regulation of cellular component biogenesis|
|cell migration|
|positive regulation of cell differentiation|
|protein phosphorylation|
|regulation of transferase activity|
|regulation of locomotion|
|negative regulation of cell death|
|multi-organism reproductive process|
|regulation of catabolic process|
|regulation of cellular component movement|
|response to organonitrogen compound|
|cellular response to cytokine stimulus|
|neuron differentiation|
|positive regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction|
|response to drug|
|programmed cell death|
|cellular response to oxygen-containing compound|
|positive regulation of phosphorylation|
|regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis|
|cell activation|
|localization of cell|
|cell motility|
|response to nitrogen compound|
|immune effector process|
|cell death|
|regulation of response to external stimulus|
|response to cytokine|
|cytoskeleton organization|
|chemical homeostasis|
|plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization|
|positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|positive regulation of immune system process|
|cell projection organization|
|response to abiotic stimulus|
|negative regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|positive regulation of cellular component organization|
|positive regulation of protein modification process|
|regulation of hydrolase activity|
|phosphorylation|
|regulation of organelle organization|
|locomotion|
|defense response|
|negative regulation of cell communication|
|negative regulation of signaling|
|positive regulation of developmental process|
|reproductive process|
|reproduction|
|positive regulation of catalytic activity|
|regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|response to endogenous stimulus|
|regulation of response to stress|
|ATP binding|
|generation of neurons|
|regulation of apoptotic process|
|movement of cell or subcellular component|
|response to oxygen-containing compound|
|protein-containing complex assembly|
|regulation of programmed cell death|
|regulation of phosphorylation|
|positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process|
|regulation of cell population proliferation|
|neurogenesis|
|homeostatic process|
|cell development|
|regulation of immune system process|
|positive regulation of signal transduction|
|regulation of cell death|
|intracellular signal transduction|
|cellular response to stress|
|positive regulation of protein metabolic process|
|positive regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|positive regulation of molecular function|
|regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|regulation of cell differentiation|
|positive regulation of cell communication|
|positive regulation of signaling|
|regulation of intracellular signal transduction|
|regulation of protein modification process|
|protein-containing complex subunit organization|
|regulation of transport|
|immune response|
|positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of gene expression|
|positive regulation of biosynthetic process|
\\
=== CRISPR Data ===
No hits were found.
^Gene^Correlation^
|[[:human genes:r:rrm1|RRM1]]|0.42|
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 0/739
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|0/28|
|blood|0/28|
|bone|0/26|
|breast|0/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|0/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|0/16|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|0/16|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|0/24|
|soft tissue|0/9|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
== Essentiality in NALM6 ==
* **Essentiality Rank**: 9369
* **Expression level (log2 read counts)**: 7.33
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}