======= GREM1 =======


== Gene Information ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Symbol</color>**: GREM1
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Name</color>**: gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist
  * **<color #00a2e8>Aliases and Previous Symbols</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez ID</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=26585|26585]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt</color>**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O60565|O60565]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>Interactions</color>**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=GREM1&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>PubMed articles</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20GREM1|Open PubMed]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>OMIM</color>**: [[https://omim.org/entry/603054|Open OMIM]]

== Function Summary ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez Summary</color>**:  This gene encodes a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain cystine knots and typically form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. In mouse, this protein has been shown to relay the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal from the polarizing region to the apical ectodermal ridge during limb bud outgrowth. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]. 
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt Summary</color>**:  Cytokine that may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. Down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner (By similarity). Antagonist of BMP2; inhibits BMP2-mediated differentiation of osteoblasts (in vitro) (PubMed:27036124). Acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. Can inhibit the growth or viability of normal cells but not transformed cells when is overexpressed (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O35793, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O70326, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27036124}.

<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='Pfam_Domains'>Pfam Domains</button>
<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='GO_terms'>GO Terms</button>


<modal id='Pfam_Domains' size='lg' title='Pfam Domains'>
|DAN|
</modal>

<modal id='GO_terms' size='lg' title='GO Terms'>
|negative regulation of bone trabecula formation|
|regulation of bone trabecula formation|
|negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation|
|negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation|
|positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation|
|positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation|
|regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation|
|positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in heart development|
|regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation|
|determination of dorsal identity|
|regulation of osteoclast proliferation|
|determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry|
|negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis|
|transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity|
|regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation|
|morphogen activity|
|vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding|
|negative regulation of mononuclear cell migration|
|negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation|
|cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation|
|negative regulation of bone development|
|negative regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation|
|BMP binding|
|activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity|
|cardioblast differentiation|
|regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in heart development|
|negative regulation of bone remodeling|
|negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis|
|positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation|
|negative regulation of bone mineralization|
|negative regulation of tissue remodeling|
|cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis|
|regulation of osteoblast proliferation|
|negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation|
|regulation of bone development|
|regulation of monocyte chemotaxis|
|positive regulation of receptor internalization|
|positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation|
|negative regulation of biomineralization|
|positive regulation of cardiocyte differentiation|
|negative regulation of biomineral tissue development|
|negative regulation of cartilage development|
|blood vessel endothelial cell migration|
|receptor ligand activity|
|negative regulation of animal organ morphogenesis|
|positive regulation of signaling receptor activity|
|myoblast differentiation|
|positive regulation of telomerase activity|
|regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation|
|negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation|
|positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development|
|negative regulation of leukocyte migration|
|regulation of mononuclear cell migration|
|regulation of protein autophosphorylation|
|collagen fibril organization|
|regulation of bone remodeling|
|negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway|
|regulation of cardiocyte differentiation|
|regulation of telomerase activity|
|regulation of chondrocyte differentiation|
|positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis|
|regulation of receptor internalization|
|sprouting angiogenesis|
|negative regulation of chemotaxis|
|positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation|
|regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation|
|endothelial cell migration|
|positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of muscle organ development|
|positive regulation of striated muscle tissue development|
|regulation of cartilage development|
|positive regulation of muscle tissue development|
|negative regulation of ossification|
|regulation of tissue remodeling|
|regulation of bone mineralization|
|negative regulation of leukocyte proliferation|
|regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development|
|dorsal/ventral pattern formation|
|regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition|
|epithelial cell migration|
|epithelium migration|
|positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation|
|regulation of BMP signaling pathway|
|regulation of biomineralization|
|regulation of biomineral tissue development|
|tissue migration|
|positive regulation of endocytosis|
|regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis|
|regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation|
|regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis|
|regulation of DNA biosynthetic process|
|regulation of osteoblast differentiation|
|negative regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway|
|cardiocyte differentiation|
|signal transduction by p53 class mediator|
|determination of bilateral symmetry|
|specification of symmetry|
|regulation of striated muscle tissue development|
|regulation of muscle tissue development|
|regulation of muscle organ development|
|negative regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus|
|regulation of muscle cell differentiation|
|stem cell differentiation|
|ameboidal-type cell migration|
|regulation of signaling receptor activity|
|cytokine activity|
|negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway|
|appendage development|
|limb development|
|regulation of ossification|
|positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation|
|positive regulation of DNA metabolic process|
|regulation of leukocyte migration|
|regulation of endocytosis|
|negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway|
|regulation of chemotaxis|
|regulation of leukocyte proliferation|
|regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade|
|regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway|
|regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade|
|regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation|
|regulation of animal organ morphogenesis|
|negative regulation of cell migration|
|regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus|
|negative regulation of cell motility|
|regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway|
|negative regulation of cellular component movement|
|angiogenesis|
|negative regulation of locomotion|
|activation of protein kinase activity|
|regionalization|
|extracellular matrix organization|
|regulation of DNA metabolic process|
|regulation of Wnt signaling pathway|
|negative regulation of response to external stimulus|
|collagen-containing extracellular matrix|
|extracellular structure organization|
|negative regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|blood vessel morphogenesis|
|pattern specification process|
|negative regulation of immune system process|
|negative regulation of phosphorylation|
|supramolecular fiber organization|
|muscle structure development|
|blood vessel development|
|transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway|
|vasculature development|
|cardiovascular system development|
|heart development|
|positive regulation of protein kinase activity|
|regulation of vesicle-mediated transport|
|negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|positive regulation of kinase activity|
|negative regulation of protein modification process|
|tube morphogenesis|
|positive regulation of transferase activity|
|negative regulation of cell population proliferation|
|negative regulation of cell differentiation|
|enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway|
|cell morphogenesis|
|regulation of cellular response to stress|
|regulation of MAPK cascade|
|regulation of protein kinase activity|
|cellular component morphogenesis|
|cellular protein-containing complex assembly|
|tube development|
|regulation of cell migration|
|circulatory system development|
|regulation of kinase activity|
|protein homodimerization activity|
|negative regulation of apoptotic process|
|anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis|
|negative regulation of programmed cell death|
|regulation of cell motility|
|positive regulation of cell population proliferation|
|negative regulation of developmental process|
|cell migration|
|positive regulation of cell differentiation|
|regulation of transferase activity|
|regulation of locomotion|
|positive regulation of transport|
|regulation of cellular component movement|
|negative regulation of cell death|
|positive regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process|
|positive regulation of phosphorylation|
|regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis|
|cell motility|
|localization of cell|
|regulation of response to external stimulus|
|negative regulation of protein metabolic process|
|positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|negative regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|positive regulation of cellular component organization|
|positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II|
|positive regulation of protein modification process|
|negative regulation of signal transduction|
|locomotion|
|negative regulation of cell communication|
|negative regulation of signaling|
|positive regulation of developmental process|
|positive regulation of catalytic activity|
|regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|regulation of response to stress|
|positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated|
|regulation of apoptotic process|
|movement of cell or subcellular component|
|protein-containing complex assembly|
|regulation of programmed cell death|
|regulation of phosphorylation|
|extracellular space|
|positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process|
|regulation of cell population proliferation|
|negative regulation of response to stimulus|
|positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription|
|positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process|
|regulation of immune system process|
|regulation of cell death|
|intracellular signal transduction|
|positive regulation of protein metabolic process|
|positive regulation of RNA metabolic process|
|positive regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|positive regulation of molecular function|
|regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|regulation of cell differentiation|
|regulation of intracellular signal transduction|
|regulation of protein modification process|
|protein-containing complex subunit organization|
|regulation of transport|
|positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of gene expression|
|positive regulation of biosynthetic process|
</modal>
\\

 === CRISPR Data ===
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Compound_Hit'>Compound Hit</button>
<button type='default' size='small' modal='Most_Correlated_Genes'>Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Essential_Avana'>Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)</button>

<modal id='Compound_Hit' size='lg' title='Compound Hit'>
^Screen^Score^
|[[:results:exp494|Isoniazid 100μM R08 exp494]]|1.73|
</modal>

<modal id='Most_Correlated_Genes' size='lg' title='Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics'>
No correlation found to any other genes in chemogenomics.
</modal>

<modal id='Essential_Avana' size='lg' title='Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)'>
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 0/739
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|0/28|
|blood|0/28|
|bone|0/26|
|breast|0/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|0/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|0/16|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|0/16|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|0/24|
|soft tissue|0/9|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
</modal>

== Essentiality in NALM6  ==
    * **<color #00a2e8>Essentiality Rank</color>**: 6233
    * **<color #00a2e8>Expression level (log2 read counts)</color>**: 4.24 
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Dist_expr'>Expression Distribution</button>
<modal id='Dist_expr' size='lg' title='GREM1 Expression in NALM6 Cells: 4.24'>
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}
</modal>