======= INS =======


== Gene Information ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Symbol</color>**: INS
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Name</color>**: insulin
  * **<color #00a2e8>Aliases and Previous Symbols</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez ID</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=3630|3630]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt</color>**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01308|P01308]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>Interactions</color>**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=INS&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>PubMed articles</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20INS|Open PubMed]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>OMIM</color>**: [[https://omim.org/entry/176730|Open OMIM]]

== Function Summary ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez Summary</color>**:  After removal of the precursor signal peptide, proinsulin is post-translationally cleaved into three peptides: the B chain and A chain peptides, which are covalently linked via two disulfide bonds to form insulin, and C-peptide. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (INSR) stimulates glucose uptake. A multitude of mutant alleles with phenotypic effects have been identified. There is a read-through gene, INS-IGF2, which overlaps with this gene at the 5' region and with the IGF2 gene at the 3' region. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]. 
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt Summary</color>**:  Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.

<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='Pfam_Domains'>Pfam Domains</button>
<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='GO_terms'>GO Terms</button>


<modal id='Pfam_Domains' size='lg' title='Pfam Domains'>
|Insulin|
</modal>

<modal id='GO_terms' size='lg' title='GO Terms'>
|negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process|
|negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity|
|positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance|
|positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction|
|negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response|
|negative regulation of respiratory burst|
|regulation of glycogen catabolic process|
|regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response|
|negative regulation of glycogen metabolic process|
|positive regulation of respiratory burst|
|positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation|
|neuron projection maintenance|
|regulation of cellular carbohydrate catabolic process|
|negative regulation of feeding behavior|
|regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction|
|regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity|
|regulation of dendritic spine maintenance|
|negative regulation of acute inflammatory response|
|fatty acid homeostasis|
|insulin-like growth factor receptor binding|
|regulation of brown fat cell differentiation|
|positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of gluconeogenesis|
|negative regulation of protein oligomerization|
|endosome lumen|
|negative regulation of behavior|
|regulation of respiratory burst|
|positive regulation of glycogen metabolic process|
|negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity|
|positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation|
|insulin receptor binding|
|positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway|
|negative regulation of lipid catabolic process|
|positive regulation of glycolytic process|
|positive regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus|
|negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity|
|negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process|
|positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation|
|negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of monooxygenase activity|
|regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway|
|regulation of feeding behavior|
|regulation of glucan biosynthetic process|
|regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process|
|activation of protein kinase B activity|
|regulation of glycogen metabolic process|
|regulation of polysaccharide biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of glucose import|
|positive regulation of glucose metabolic process|
|negative regulation of blood vessel diameter|
|neuron projection organization|
|acute-phase response|
|negative regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process|
|regulation of protein oligomerization|
|regulation of polysaccharide metabolic process|
|positive regulation of glucose transmembrane transport|
|regulation of acute inflammatory response|
|regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity|
|regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation|
|negative regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress|
|positive regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process|
|negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death|
|positive regulation of ATP metabolic process|
|regulation of gluconeogenesis|
|positive regulation of nucleotide metabolic process|
|regulation of protein autophosphorylation|
|negative regulation of response to oxidative stress|
|negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process|
|positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division|
|positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity|
|regulation of monooxygenase activity|
|regulation of lipid catabolic process|
|negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process|
|regulation of glucose import|
|negative regulation of innate immune response|
|anion homeostasis|
|positive regulation of blood vessel diameter|
|positive regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process|
|regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process|
|positive regulation of fat cell differentiation|
|alpha-beta T cell activation|
|regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death|
|regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of nuclear division|
|endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane|
|acute inflammatory response|
|regulation of behavior|
|regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus|
|regulation of glucose transmembrane transport|
|regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress|
|positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus|
|positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process|
|regulation of glycolytic process|
|positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process|
|regulation of cellular amine metabolic process|
|negative regulation of lipid metabolic process|
|regulation of response to oxidative stress|
|positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling|
|regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process|
|regulation of fatty acid metabolic process|
|regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process|
|insulin receptor signaling pathway|
|negative regulation of small molecule metabolic process|
|transport vesicle|
|negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus|
|regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane|
|regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway|
|regulation of oxidoreductase activity|
|regulation of postsynapse organization|
|positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion|
|hormone activity|
|Golgi lumen|
|protease binding|
|regulation of glucose metabolic process|
|glucose metabolic process|
|regulation of protein localization to cell periphery|
|secretory granule lumen|
|regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process|
|regulation of protein localization to nucleus|
|regulation of nucleotide metabolic process|
|regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling|
|regulation of ATP metabolic process|
|negative regulation of immune effector process|
|regulation of fat cell differentiation|
|positive regulation of hormone secretion|
|negative regulation of protein complex assembly|
|negative regulation of protein secretion|
|negative regulation of protein catabolic process|
|lipid homeostasis|
|negative regulation of inflammatory response|
|positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process|
|negative regulation of peptide secretion|
|positive regulation of cytokine secretion|
|regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process|
|regulation of tube diameter|
|regulation of blood vessel diameter|
|regulation of tube size|
|positive regulation of lipid metabolic process|
|negative regulation of immune response|
|positive regulation of synaptic transmission|
|positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle|
|positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity|
|hexose metabolic process|
|regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy|
|regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway|
|cellular response to insulin stimulus|
|positive regulation of cell growth|
|positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling|
|regulation of mitotic nuclear division|
|vascular process in circulatory system|
|regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process|
|regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process|
|negative regulation of protein transport|
|glucose homeostasis|
|negative regulation of establishment of protein localization|
|carbohydrate homeostasis|
|regulation of lipid biosynthetic process|
|regulation of protein localization to membrane|
|regulation of synaptic plasticity|
|regulation of nuclear division|
|monosaccharide metabolic process|
|positive regulation of transmembrane transport|
|negative regulation of secretion by cell|
|regulation of cytokine secretion|
|regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process|
|negative regulation of defense response|
|regulation of peptide hormone secretion|
|endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport|
|negative regulation of multi-organism process|
|regulation of synapse organization|
|regulation of protein kinase B signaling|
|negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway|
|regulation of synapse structure or activity|
|response to insulin|
|negative regulation of secretion|
|T cell activation|
|negative regulation of cellular catabolic process|
|positive regulation of growth|
|positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity|
|regulation of transmembrane transporter activity|
|cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus|
|regulation of hormone secretion|
|positive regulation of protein secretion|
|regulation of transporter activity|
|positive regulation of cell cycle process|
|positive regulation of peptide secretion|
|cognition|
|endoplasmic reticulum lumen|
|negative regulation of catabolic process|
|positive regulation of cellular protein localization|
|cellular response to peptide|
|activation of protein kinase activity|
|regulation of inflammatory response|
|negative regulation of proteolysis|
|positive regulation of cellular catabolic process|
|negative regulation of response to external stimulus|
|Golgi vesicle transport|
|positive regulation of cell cycle|
|positive regulation of cell projection organization|
|lymphocyte activation|
|regulation of protein catabolic process|
|blood circulation|
|response to peptide hormone|
|regulation of lipid metabolic process|
|circulatory system process|
|regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of secretion by cell|
|regulation of cell growth|
|positive regulation of protein transport|
|regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity|
|regulation of small molecule metabolic process|
|positive regulation of catabolic process|
|positive regulation of secretion|
|negative regulation of immune system process|
|modulation of chemical synaptic transmission|
|regulation of trans-synaptic signaling|
|positive regulation of cytokine production|
|regulation of protein complex assembly|
|regulation of innate immune response|
|positive regulation of establishment of protein localization|
|regulation of protein secretion|
|regulation of immune effector process|
|response to peptide|
|carbohydrate metabolic process|
|wound healing|
|negative regulation of transport|
|regulation of peptide secretion|
|inflammatory response|
|positive regulation of cell migration|
|negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction|
|transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway|
|regulation of anatomical structure size|
|positive regulation of cell motility|
|regulation of response to biotic stimulus|
|regulation of hormone levels|
|positive regulation of protein kinase activity|
|positive regulation of cellular component movement|
|regulation of cellular protein localization|
|positive regulation of MAPK cascade|
|positive regulation of locomotion|
|regulation of transmembrane transport|
|response to wounding|
|positive regulation of kinase activity|
|cellular response to organonitrogen compound|
|cellular response to hormone stimulus|
|Golgi membrane|
|positive regulation of organelle organization|
|regulation of mitotic cell cycle|
|positive regulation of transferase activity|
|cellular response to nitrogen compound|
|regulation of growth|
|regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization|
|regulation of cytokine production|
|negative regulation of cellular component organization|
|regulation of protein transport|
|regulation of cell projection organization|
|enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway|
|regulation of proteolysis|
|regulation of cellular response to stress|
|regulation of peptide transport|
|regulation of establishment of protein localization|
|regulation of secretion by cell|
|regulation of MAPK cascade|
|regulation of cell cycle process|
|regulation of defense response|
|regulation of multi-organism process|
|ion homeostasis|
|negative regulation of catalytic activity|
|regulation of protein kinase activity|
|regulation of secretion|
|regulation of cellular catabolic process|
|regulation of cell migration|
|regulation of kinase activity|
|negative regulation of apoptotic process|
|negative regulation of programmed cell death|
|response to hormone|
|regulation of cell motility|
|positive regulation of cell population proliferation|
|regulation of cellular localization|
|leukocyte activation|
|regulation of cell development|
|regulation of cellular component biogenesis|
|positive regulation of cell differentiation|
|regulation of transferase activity|
|regulation of locomotion|
|positive regulation of transport|
|negative regulation of cell death|
|regulation of catabolic process|
|regulation of cellular component movement|
|response to organonitrogen compound|
|positive regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction|
|regulation of protein localization|
|negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process|
|cellular response to oxygen-containing compound|
|positive regulation of phosphorylation|
|identical protein binding|
|cell activation|
|response to nitrogen compound|
|regulation of response to external stimulus|
|negative regulation of protein metabolic process|
|chemical homeostasis|
|cell-cell signaling|
|plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization|
|positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|negative regulation of molecular function|
|regulation of immune response|
|cell projection organization|
|regulation of cell cycle|
|negative regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|positive regulation of cellular component organization|
|cellular response to endogenous stimulus|
|positive regulation of protein modification process|
|negative regulation of signal transduction|
|regulation of organelle organization|
|G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway|
|defense response|
|negative regulation of cell communication|
|negative regulation of signaling|
|positive regulation of developmental process|
|nervous system process|
|positive regulation of catalytic activity|
|regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|response to endogenous stimulus|
|regulation of response to stress|
|negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|intracellular transport|
|regulation of apoptotic process|
|negative regulation of biosynthetic process|
|response to oxygen-containing compound|
|regulation of programmed cell death|
|regulation of phosphorylation|
|extracellular space|
|positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process|
|regulation of cell population proliferation|
|negative regulation of response to stimulus|
|homeostatic process|
|regulation of immune system process|
|positive regulation of signal transduction|
|regulation of cell death|
|positive regulation of protein metabolic process|
|positive regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|small molecule metabolic process|
|positive regulation of molecular function|
|regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|regulation of cell differentiation|
|positive regulation of cell communication|
|positive regulation of signaling|
|regulation of intracellular signal transduction|
|establishment of localization in cell|
|regulation of protein modification process|
|regulation of transport|
|positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|extracellular region|
|vesicle-mediated transport|
|system process|
|positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of gene expression|
|positive regulation of biosynthetic process|
</modal>
\\

 === CRISPR Data ===
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Compound_Hit'>Compound Hit</button>
<button type='default' size='small' modal='Most_Correlated_Genes'>Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Essential_Avana'>Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)</button>

<modal id='Compound_Hit' size='lg' title='Compound Hit'>
^Screen^Score^
|[[:results:exp382|Palbociclib 1μM R07 exp382]]|1.94|
</modal>

<modal id='Most_Correlated_Genes' size='lg' title='Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics'>
No correlation found to any other genes in chemogenomics.
</modal>

<modal id='Essential_Avana' size='lg' title='Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)'>
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 1/739
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|0/28|
|blood|0/28|
|bone|0/26|
|breast|0/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|1/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|0/16|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|0/16|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|0/24|
|soft tissue|0/9|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
</modal>

== Essentiality in NALM6  ==
    * **<color #00a2e8>Essentiality Rank</color>**: 5301
    * **<color #00a2e8>Expression level (log2 read counts)</color>**: -7.68 
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Dist_expr'>Expression Distribution</button>
<modal id='Dist_expr' size='lg' title='INS Expression in NALM6 Cells: -7.68'>
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}
</modal>