======= KARS =======


== Gene Information ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Symbol</color>**: KARS1
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Name</color>**: lysyl-tRNA synthetase 1
  * **<color #00a2e8>Aliases and Previous Symbols</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez ID</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=3735|3735]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt</color>**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q15046|Q15046]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>Interactions</color>**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=KARS&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>PubMed articles</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20KARS|Open PubMed]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>OMIM</color>**: [[https://omim.org/entry/601421|Open OMIM]]

== Function Summary ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez Summary</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt Summary</color>**:  Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA (PubMed:9278442, PubMed:18029264, PubMed:18272479). When secreted, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages (PubMed:15851690). Catalyzes the synthesis of the signaling molecule diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), and thereby mediates disruption of the complex between HINT1 and MITF and the concomitant activation of MITF transcriptional activity (PubMed:5338216, PubMed:14975237, PubMed:19524539, PubMed:23159739). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14975237, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15851690, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18029264, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19524539, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28887846, ECO:0000269|PubMed:5338216, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9278442}.

<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='Pfam_Domains'>Pfam Domains</button>
<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='GO_terms'>GO Terms</button>


<modal id='Pfam_Domains' size='lg' title='Pfam Domains'>
|tRNA-synt 2|
|tRNA anti|
</modal>

<modal id='GO_terms' size='lg' title='GO Terms'>
|lysine-tRNA ligase activity|
|ATP adenylyltransferase activity|
|lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation|
|basophil activation involved in immune response|
|basophil activation|
|diadenosine tetraphosphate metabolic process|
|diadenosine polyphosphate biosynthetic process|
|diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of metallopeptidase activity|
|diadenosine polyphosphate metabolic process|
|positive regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response|
|aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex|
|regulation of metallopeptidase activity|
|positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis|
|regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response|
|positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response|
|amino acid binding|
|positive regulation of macrophage migration|
|positive regulation of macrophage activation|
|regulation of macrophage chemotaxis|
|positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade|
|ERK1 and ERK2 cascade|
|response to X-ray|
|regulation of macrophage migration|
|regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response|
|regulation of p38MAPK cascade|
|regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis|
|tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation|
|regulation of mononuclear cell migration|
|tRNA aminoacylation|
|amino acid activation|
|regulation of macrophage activation|
|positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response|
|tRNA binding|
|regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response|
|positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis|
|positive regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response|
|regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis|
|tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of leukocyte migration|
|tRNA processing|
|positive regulation of chemotaxis|
|positive regulation of cytokine secretion|
|positive regulation of inflammatory response|
|regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response|
|response to ionizing radiation|
|activation of MAPK activity|
|positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade|
|positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade|
|tRNA metabolic process|
|positive regulation of peptidase activity|
|regulation of leukocyte migration|
|regulation of cytokine secretion|
|positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade|
|regulation of chemotaxis|
|positive regulation of immune effector process|
|regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade|
|regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade|
|cellular response to tumor necrosis factor|
|nucleotide biosynthetic process|
|nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of MAP kinase activity|
|response to tumor necrosis factor|
|positive regulation of protein secretion|
|positive regulation of peptide secretion|
|regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade|
|cellular amino acid metabolic process|
|activation of protein kinase activity|
|regulation of inflammatory response|
|positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity|
|regulation of MAP kinase activity|
|positive regulation of proteolysis|
|mitochondrial matrix|
|MAPK cascade|
|translation|
|ncRNA processing|
|signal transduction by protein phosphorylation|
|positive regulation of secretion by cell|
|positive regulation of leukocyte activation|
|peptide biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of cell activation|
|positive regulation of protein transport|
|positive regulation of secretion|
|response to radiation|
|regulation of peptidase activity|
|nucleotide metabolic process|
|positive regulation of cytokine production|
|nucleoside phosphate metabolic process|
|positive regulation of establishment of protein localization|
|regulation of protein secretion|
|regulation of immune effector process|
|positive regulation of defense response|
|ncRNA metabolic process|
|regulation of peptide secretion|
|positive regulation of cell migration|
|granulocyte activation|
|regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity|
|myeloid cell activation involved in immune response|
|positive regulation of cell motility|
|amide biosynthetic process|
|peptide metabolic process|
|positive regulation of protein kinase activity|
|organophosphate biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of cellular component movement|
|nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process|
|positive regulation of MAPK cascade|
|positive regulation of locomotion|
|positive regulation of kinase activity|
|myeloid leukocyte activation|
|positive regulation of response to external stimulus|
|regulation of leukocyte activation|
|leukocyte activation involved in immune response|
|cell activation involved in immune response|
|regulation of cell activation|
|positive regulation of transferase activity|
|cytokine-mediated signaling pathway|
|negative regulation of cell population proliferation|
|regulation of cytokine production|
|viral process|
|regulation of protein transport|
|regulation of proteolysis|
|regulation of cellular response to stress|
|regulation of peptide transport|
|regulation of establishment of protein localization|
|regulation of secretion by cell|
|regulation of MAPK cascade|
|regulation of defense response|
|positive regulation of hydrolase activity|
|symbiotic process|
|cellular amide metabolic process|
|regulation of protein kinase activity|
|regulation of secretion|
|interspecies interaction between organisms|
|regulation of cell migration|
|positive regulation of immune response|
|regulation of kinase activity|
|RNA processing|
|protein homodimerization activity|
|organophosphate metabolic process|
|carboxylic acid metabolic process|
|regulation of cell motility|
|leukocyte activation|
|protein phosphorylation|
|regulation of transferase activity|
|regulation of locomotion|
|positive regulation of transport|
|regulation of cellular component movement|
|oxoacid metabolic process|
|cellular response to cytokine stimulus|
|positive regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction|
|organic acid metabolic process|
|regulation of protein localization|
|positive regulation of phosphorylation|
|identical protein binding|
|cell activation|
|immune effector process|
|regulation of response to external stimulus|
|nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process|
|response to cytokine|
|positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|regulation of immune response|
|positive regulation of immune system process|
|response to abiotic stimulus|
|heterocycle biosynthetic process|
|aromatic compound biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of protein modification process|
|mitochondrion|
|regulation of hydrolase activity|
|phosphorylation|
|organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process|
|organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of catalytic activity|
|regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|regulation of response to stress|
|ATP binding|
|positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated|
|regulation of phosphorylation|
|extracellular space|
|positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process|
|regulation of cell population proliferation|
|cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription|
|positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of signal transduction|
|regulation of immune system process|
|RNA metabolic process|
|intracellular signal transduction|
|positive regulation of protein metabolic process|
|cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of RNA metabolic process|
|positive regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|small molecule metabolic process|
|macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of molecular function|
|regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|positive regulation of cell communication|
|positive regulation of signaling|
|regulation of intracellular signal transduction|
|regulation of protein modification process|
|regulation of transport|
|immune response|
|positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of gene expression|
|gene expression|
|positive regulation of biosynthetic process|
</modal>
\\

 === CRISPR Data ===
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Compound_Hit'>Compound Hit</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Most_Correlated_Genes'>Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Essential_Avana'>Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)</button>

<modal id='Compound_Hit' size='lg' title='Compound Hit'>
^Screen^Score^
|[[:results:exp58|UM131593 0.1μM R01 exp58]]|-2.48|
|[[:results:exp45|Docetaxel 0.002μM R01 exp45]]|-2.19|
|[[:results:exp50|Nicotinamide 2000μM R01 exp50]]|-2.15|
|[[:results:exp180|Dynasore 10μM R04 exp180]]|-2.03|
|[[:results:exp537|WNT3A 44ng/ml R08 exp537]]|-1.96|
|[[:results:exp41|BI-2536 0.001μM R01 exp41]]|-1.92|
|[[:results:exp46|HMS-I1 1μM R01 exp46]]|-1.82|
|[[:results:exp128|GSK591 2.6μM R03 exp128]]|-1.78|
|[[:results:exp439|QNZ 0.01μM R08 exp439]]|-1.76|
|[[:results:exp2|5-Fluorouracil 20μM R00 exp2]]|1.75|
|[[:results:exp33|Rotenone 2μM R00 exp33]]|1.83|
|[[:results:exp3|Actinomycin-D 0.001μM R00 exp3]]|1.85|
|[[:results:exp34|Rotenone 20μM R00 exp34]]|2.25|
|[[:results:exp4|Actinomycin-D 0.01μM R00 exp4]]|2.27|
|[[:results:exp291|LLY-284 2.6μM R06 exp291]]|2.29|
|[[:results:exp165|RO-3306 3 to 4μM on day4 R04 exp165]]|2.38|
|[[:results:exp26|Oligomycin-A 20μM R00 exp26]]|2.42|
</modal>

<modal id='Most_Correlated_Genes' size='lg' title='Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics'>
^Gene^Correlation^
|[[:human genes:h:hars|HARS]]|0.664|
|[[:human genes:m:mars|MARS]]|0.43|
|[[:human genes:n:nars|NARS]]|0.424|
|[[:human genes:n:nsmce1|NSMCE1]]|0.402|
</modal>

<modal id='Essential_Avana' size='lg' title='Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)'>
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 738/739
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|1/1|
|909776.0|1/1|
|bile duct|28/28|
|blood|28/28|
|bone|26/26|
|breast|33/33|
|central nervous system|56/56|
|cervix|4/4|
|colorectal|17/17|
|esophagus|13/13|
|fibroblast|1/1|
|gastric|16/16|
|kidney|21/21|
|liver|20/20|
|lung|75/75|
|lymphocyte|16/16|
|ovary|26/26|
|pancreas|24/24|
|peripheral nervous system|16/16|
|plasma cell|15/15|
|prostate|1/1|
|skin|24/24|
|soft tissue|9/9|
|thyroid|2/2|
|upper aerodigestive|22/22|
|urinary tract|29/29|
|uterus|5/5|
</modal>

== Essentiality in NALM6  ==
    * **<color #00a2e8>Essentiality Rank</color>**: 132
    * **<color #00a2e8>Expression level (log2 read counts)</color>**: 7.57 
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Dist_expr'>Expression Distribution</button>
<modal id='Dist_expr' size='lg' title='KARS Expression in NALM6 Cells: 7.57'>
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}
</modal>