======= PARN =======


== Gene Information ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Symbol</color>**: PARN
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Name</color>**: poly(A)-specific ribonuclease
  * **<color #00a2e8>Aliases and Previous Symbols</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez ID</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=5073|5073]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt</color>**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O95453|O95453]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>Interactions</color>**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=PARN&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>PubMed articles</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20PARN|Open PubMed]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>OMIM</color>**: [[https://omim.org/entry/604212|Open OMIM]]

== Function Summary ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez Summary</color>**:  The protein encoded by this gene is a 3'-exoribonuclease, with similarity to the RNase D family of 3'-exonucleases. It prefers poly(A) as the substrate, hence, efficiently degrades poly(A) tails of mRNAs. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs. This protein is also involved in silencing of certain maternal mRNAs during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development, as well as in nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs that contain premature stop codons. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]. 
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt Summary</color>**:  3'-exoribonuclease that has a preference for poly(A) tails of mRNAs, thereby efficiently degrading poly(A) tails. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs and is also used to silence certain maternal mRNAs translationally during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Interacts with both the 3'-end poly(A) tail and the 5'-end cap structure during degradation, the interaction with the cap structure being required for an efficient degradation of poly(A) tails. Involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, a critical process of selective degradation of mRNAs that contain premature stop codons. Also involved in degradation of inherently unstable mRNAs that contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-UTR, possibly via its interaction with KHSRP. Probably mediates the removal of poly(A) tails of AREs mRNAs, which constitutes the first step of destabilization. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10882133, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11359775, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12748283, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15175153, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9736620}.

<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='Pfam_Domains'>Pfam Domains</button>
<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='GO_terms'>GO Terms</button>


<modal id='Pfam_Domains' size='lg' title='Pfam Domains'>
|R3H|
|RNA bind|
|CAF1|
</modal>

<modal id='GO_terms' size='lg' title='GO Terms'>
|ncRNA deadenylation|
|box H/ACA snoRNA 3-end processing|
|box H/ACA snoRNA processing|
|cation binding|
|box H/ACA snoRNA metabolic process|
|telomerase RNA stabilization|
|polyadenylation-dependent snoRNA 3-end processing|
|miRNA catabolic process|
|snoRNA 3-end processing|
|nuclease activity|
|poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity|
|snoRNA processing|
|snoRNA metabolic process|
|regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body|
|miRNA metabolic process|
|telomerase RNA binding|
|nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening|
|ncRNA catabolic process|
|3-5-exoribonuclease activity|
|positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase|
|positive regulation of telomerase activity|
|positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening|
|RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, exonucleolytic|
|RNA stabilization|
|ncRNA 3-end processing|
|positive regulation of telomere maintenance|
|regulation of telomerase activity|
|regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase|
|nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay|
|negative regulation of RNA catabolic process|
|regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening|
|positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process|
|mRNA 3-UTR binding|
|regulation of telomere maintenance|
|regulation of DNA biosynthetic process|
|nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay|
|female gamete generation|
|RNA 3-end processing|
|RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis|
|RNA modification|
|positive regulation of chromosome organization|
|regulation of mRNA stability|
|regulation of RNA stability|
|positive regulation of DNA metabolic process|
|nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process|
|regulation of mRNA catabolic process|
|mRNA catabolic process|
|RNA catabolic process|
|negative regulation of cellular catabolic process|
|nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis|
|negative regulation of catabolic process|
|regulation of mRNA metabolic process|
|regulation of chromosome organization|
|regulation of DNA metabolic process|
|nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process|
|ncRNA processing|
|heterocycle catabolic process|
|cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process|
|aromatic compound catabolic process|
|protein kinase binding|
|ncRNA metabolic process|
|organic cyclic compound catabolic process|
|posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression|
|positive regulation of organelle organization|
|positive regulation of transferase activity|
|gamete generation|
|mRNA metabolic process|
|multicellular organismal reproductive process|
|sexual reproduction|
|regulation of cellular catabolic process|
|multicellular organism reproduction|
|nucleolus|
|RNA processing|
|cellular macromolecule catabolic process|
|regulation of transferase activity|
|multi-organism reproductive process|
|regulation of catabolic process|
|macromolecule catabolic process|
|positive regulation of cellular component organization|
|regulation of organelle organization|
|negative regulation of RNA metabolic process|
|RNA binding|
|reproductive process|
|reproduction|
|positive regulation of catalytic activity|
|negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|RNA metabolic process|
|negative regulation of gene expression|
|organic substance catabolic process|
|positive regulation of molecular function|
|cellular catabolic process|
|positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|gene expression|
|positive regulation of biosynthetic process|
</modal>
\\

 === CRISPR Data ===
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Compound_Hit'>Compound Hit</button>
<button type='default' size='small' modal='Most_Correlated_Genes'>Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Essential_Avana'>Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)</button>

<modal id='Compound_Hit' size='lg' title='Compound Hit'>
^Screen^Score^
|[[:results:exp11|CCCP 1μM R00 exp11]]|1.76|
|[[:results:exp78|Pterostilbene 16μM R02 exp78]]|1.8|
|[[:results:exp282|Fluvastatin 2.2μM R06 exp282]]|1.85|
|[[:results:exp97|BI-6727 0.0125μM R03 exp97]]|1.99|
</modal>

<modal id='Most_Correlated_Genes' size='lg' title='Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics'>
No correlation found to any other genes in chemogenomics.
</modal>

<modal id='Essential_Avana' size='lg' title='Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)'>
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 3/739
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|0/28|
|blood|0/28|
|bone|1/26|
|breast|1/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|0/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|0/16|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|0/16|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|1/24|
|soft tissue|0/9|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
</modal>

== Essentiality in NALM6  ==
    * **<color #00a2e8>Essentiality Rank</color>**: 2949
    * **<color #00a2e8>Expression level (log2 read counts)</color>**: 5.77 
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Dist_expr'>Expression Distribution</button>
<modal id='Dist_expr' size='lg' title='PARN Expression in NALM6 Cells: 5.77'>
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}
</modal>