======= POLH =======


== Gene Information ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Symbol</color>**: POLH
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Name</color>**: DNA polymerase eta
  * **<color #00a2e8>Aliases and Previous Symbols</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez ID</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=5429|5429]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt</color>**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9Y253|Q9Y253]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>Interactions</color>**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=POLH&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>PubMed articles</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20POLH|Open PubMed]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>OMIM</color>**: [[https://omim.org/entry/603968|Open OMIM]]

== Function Summary ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez Summary</color>**:  This gene encodes a member of the Y family of specialized DNA polymerases. It copies undamaged DNA with a lower fidelity than other DNA-directed polymerases. However, it accurately replicates UV-damaged DNA; when thymine dimers are present, this polymerase inserts the complementary nucleotides in the newly synthesized DNA, thereby bypassing the lesion and suppressing the mutagenic effect of UV-induced DNA damage. This polymerase is thought to be involved in hypermutation during immunoglobulin class switch recombination. Mutations in this gene result in XPV, a variant type of xeroderma pigmentosum. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]. 
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt Summary</color>**:  DNA polymerase specifically involved in the DNA repair by translesion synthesis (TLS) (PubMed:10385124, PubMed:11743006, PubMed:24449906). Due to low processivity on both damaged and normal DNA, cooperates with the heterotetrameric (REV3L, REV7, POLD2 and POLD3) POLZ complex for complete bypass of DNA lesions. Inserts one or 2 nucleotide(s) opposite the lesion, the primer is further extended by the tetrameric POLZ complex. In the case of 1,2-intrastrand d(GpG)-cisplatin cross-link, inserts dCTP opposite the 3' guanine (PubMed:24449906). Particularly important for the repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers (PubMed:10385124, PubMed:11743006). Although inserts the correct base, may cause base transitions and transversions depending upon the context. May play a role in hypermutation at immunoglobulin genes (PubMed:11376341, PubMed:14734526). Forms a Schiff base with 5'- deoxyribose phosphate at abasic sites, but does not have any lyase activity, preventing the release of the 5'-deoxyribose phosphate (5'-dRP) residue. This covalent trapping of the enzyme by the 5'- dRP residue inhibits its DNA synthetic activity during base excision repair, thereby avoiding high incidence of mutagenesis (PubMed:14630940). Targets POLI to replication foci (PubMed:12606586). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10385124, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11376341, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11743006, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12606586, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14630940, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14734526, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24449906}.

<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='Pfam_Domains'>Pfam Domains</button>
<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='GO_terms'>GO Terms</button>


<modal id='Pfam_Domains' size='lg' title='Pfam Domains'>
|IMS|
|IMS C|
</modal>

<modal id='GO_terms' size='lg' title='GO Terms'>
|cellular response to UV-C|
|pyrimidine dimer repair|
|response to UV-C|
|error-free translesion synthesis|
|error-prone translesion synthesis|
|replication fork|
|DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity|
|translesion synthesis|
|DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair|
|postreplication repair|
|damaged DNA binding|
|site of double-strand break|
|cellular response to UV|
|DNA biosynthetic process|
|cellular response to light stimulus|
|regulation of DNA repair|
|response to UV|
|cellular response to radiation|
|DNA replication|
|regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus|
|response to light stimulus|
|cellular response to environmental stimulus|
|cellular response to abiotic stimulus|
|regulation of DNA metabolic process|
|response to radiation|
|DNA repair|
|regulation of cellular response to stress|
|DNA metabolic process|
|cellular response to DNA damage stimulus|
|nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process|
|response to abiotic stimulus|
|heterocycle biosynthetic process|
|aromatic compound biosynthetic process|
|organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process|
|regulation of response to stress|
|cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process|
|cellular response to stress|
|cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|macromolecule biosynthetic process|
</modal>
\\

 === CRISPR Data ===
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Compound_Hit'>Compound Hit</button>
<button type='default' size='small' modal='Most_Correlated_Genes'>Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Essential_Avana'>Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)</button>

<modal id='Compound_Hit' size='lg' title='Compound Hit'>
^Screen^Score^
|[[:results:exp177|Apcin 25μM plus proTAME 2μM R04 exp177]]|-1.84|
|[[:results:exp501|Methotrexate 0.01μM R08 exp501]]|1.7|
</modal>

<modal id='Most_Correlated_Genes' size='lg' title='Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics'>
No correlation found to any other genes in chemogenomics.
</modal>

<modal id='Essential_Avana' size='lg' title='Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)'>
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 0/739
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|0/28|
|blood|0/28|
|bone|0/26|
|breast|0/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|0/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|0/16|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|0/16|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|0/24|
|soft tissue|0/9|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
</modal>

== Essentiality in NALM6  ==
    * **<color #00a2e8>Essentiality Rank</color>**: 4196
    * **<color #00a2e8>Expression level (log2 read counts)</color>**: 5.95 
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Dist_expr'>Expression Distribution</button>
<modal id='Dist_expr' size='lg' title='POLH Expression in NALM6 Cells: 5.95'>
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}
</modal>