======= POLQ =======


== Gene Information ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Symbol</color>**: POLQ
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Name</color>**: DNA polymerase theta
  * **<color #00a2e8>Aliases and Previous Symbols</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez ID</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=10721|10721]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt</color>**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O75417|O75417]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>Interactions</color>**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=POLQ&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>PubMed articles</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20POLQ|Open PubMed]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>OMIM</color>**: [[https://omim.org/entry/604419|Open OMIM]]

== Function Summary ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez Summary</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt Summary</color>**:  DNA polymerase that promotes microhomology-mediated end- joining (MMEJ), an alternative non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) machinery triggered in response to double-strand breaks in DNA (PubMed:25642963, PubMed:25643323). MMEJ is an error-prone repair pathway that produces deletions of sequences from the strand being repaired and promotes genomic rearrangements, such as telomere fusions, some of them leading to cellular transformation (PubMed:25642963, PubMed:25643323). POLQ acts as an inhibitor of homology-recombination repair (HR) pathway by limiting RAD51 accumulation at resected ends (PubMed:25642963). POLQ-mediated MMEJ may be required to promote the survival of cells with a compromised HR repair pathway, thereby preventing genomic havoc by resolving unrepaired lesions (By similarity). The polymerase acts by binding directly the 2 ends of resected double-strand breaks, allowing microhomologous sequences in the overhangs to form base pairs. It then extends each strand from the base-paired region using the opposing overhang as a template. Requires partially resected DNA containing 2 to 6 base pairs of microhomology to perform MMEJ (PubMed:25643323). The polymerase activity is highly promiscuous: unlike most polymerases, promotes extension of ssDNA and partial ssDNA (pssDNA) substrates (PubMed:18503084, PubMed:21050863, PubMed:22135286). Also exhibits low-fidelity DNA synthesis, translesion synthesis and lyase activity, and it is implicated in interstrand-cross-link repair, base excision repair and DNA end-joining (PubMed:14576298, PubMed:18503084, PubMed:19188258, PubMed:24648516). Involved in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes, a process that requires the activity of DNA polymerases to ultimately introduce mutations at both A/T and C/G base pairs (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8CGS6, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14576298, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18503084, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19188258, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21050863, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22135286, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24648516, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25642963, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25643323}.

<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='Pfam_Domains'>Pfam Domains</button>
<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='GO_terms'>GO Terms</button>


<modal id='Pfam_Domains' size='lg' title='Pfam Domains'>
|Helicase C|
|DNA pol A|
|DEAD|
</modal>

<modal id='GO_terms' size='lg' title='GO Terms'>
|double-strand break repair via alternative nonhomologous end joining|
|5-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity|
|single-stranded DNA helicase activity|
|somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes|
|negative regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination|
|somatic diversification of immune receptors via somatic mutation|
|DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity|
|negative regulation of double-strand break repair|
|negative regulation of DNA repair|
|somatic diversification of immunoglobulins|
|base-excision repair|
|negative regulation of DNA recombination|
|regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination|
|somatic diversification of immune receptors|
|damaged DNA binding|
|double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining|
|non-recombinational repair|
|regulation of double-strand break repair|
|negative regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus|
|double-strand break repair via homologous recombination|
|recombinational repair|
|regulation of DNA recombination|
|DNA biosynthetic process|
|DNA duplex unwinding|
|DNA geometric change|
|DNA-dependent DNA replication|
|negative regulation of DNA metabolic process|
|chromosome|
|regulation of DNA repair|
|immunoglobulin production|
|production of molecular mediator of immune response|
|double-strand break repair|
|DNA replication|
|regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus|
|DNA recombination|
|DNA conformation change|
|protein homooligomerization|
|regulation of DNA metabolic process|
|chromatin binding|
|DNA repair|
|protein complex oligomerization|
|immune system development|
|regulation of cellular response to stress|
|DNA metabolic process|
|cellular response to DNA damage stimulus|
|chromosome organization|
|nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process|
|heterocycle biosynthetic process|
|aromatic compound biosynthetic process|
|organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|regulation of response to stress|
|ATP binding|
|protein-containing complex assembly|
|negative regulation of response to stimulus|
|cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process|
|cellular response to stress|
|cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|protein-containing complex subunit organization|
</modal>
\\

 === CRISPR Data ===
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Compound_Hit'>Compound Hit</button>
<button type='default' size='small' modal='Most_Correlated_Genes'>Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Essential_Avana'>Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)</button>

<modal id='Compound_Hit' size='lg' title='Compound Hit'>
^Screen^Score^
|[[:results:exp294|Nutlin-3A 1.6μM R06 exp294]]|-2.89|
|[[:results:exp360|Genistein 15μM R07 exp360]]|-1.74|
</modal>

<modal id='Most_Correlated_Genes' size='lg' title='Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics'>
No correlation found to any other genes in chemogenomics.
</modal>

<modal id='Essential_Avana' size='lg' title='Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)'>
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 7/739
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|1/28|
|blood|1/28|
|bone|0/26|
|breast|1/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|1/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|1/16|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|1/16|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|0/24|
|soft tissue|0/9|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
</modal>

== Essentiality in NALM6  ==
    * **<color #00a2e8>Essentiality Rank</color>**: 6059
    * **<color #00a2e8>Expression level (log2 read counts)</color>**: 7.26 
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Dist_expr'>Expression Distribution</button>
<modal id='Dist_expr' size='lg' title='POLQ Expression in NALM6 Cells: 7.26'>
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}
</modal>