======= SNCA =======
== Gene Information ==
* **Official Symbol**: SNCA
* **Official Name**: synuclein alpha
* **Aliases and Previous Symbols**: N/A
* **Entrez ID**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=6622|6622]]
* **UniProt**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P37840|P37840]]
* **Interactions**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=SNCA&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
* **PubMed articles**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20SNCA|Open PubMed]]
* **OMIM**: [[https://omim.org/entry/163890|Open OMIM]]
== Function Summary ==
* **Entrez Summary**: Alpha-synuclein is a member of the synuclein family, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. Synucleins are abundantly expressed in the brain and alpha- and beta-synuclein inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. SNCA may serve to integrate presynaptic signaling and membrane trafficking. Defects in SNCA have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. SNCA peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016].
* **UniProt Summary**: May be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. Induces fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau. Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to a decreased caspase-3 activation.
|Synuclein|
|response to desipramine|
|phospholipase D inhibitor activity|
|negative regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission|
|positive regulation of peroxidase activity|
|negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission|
|positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity|
|response to antidepressant|
|negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake|
|regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity|
|negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone|
|positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process|
|negative regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport|
|regulation of peroxidase activity|
|supramolecular fiber|
|regulation of norepinephrine uptake|
|regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway|
|negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy|
|negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic|
|negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway|
|negative regulation of serotonin uptake|
|catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission|
|regulation of serotonin uptake|
|negative regulation of catecholamine metabolic process|
|dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission|
|negative regulation of cellular respiration|
|regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process|
|negative regulation of dopamine metabolic process|
|regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone|
|response to iron(II) ion|
|negative regulation of cellular amine metabolic process|
|negative regulation of neurotransmitter uptake|
|cuprous ion binding|
|positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process|
|regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport|
|negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation|
|positive regulation of cofactor metabolic process|
|regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission|
|regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy|
|catecholamine uptake|
|dopamine uptake|
|regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission|
|regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic process|
|SNARE complex assembly|
|dopamine biosynthetic process|
|dopamine transport|
|negative regulation of monooxygenase activity|
|regulation of coenzyme metabolic process|
|negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway|
|cellular response to epinephrine stimulus|
|negative regulation of microtubule polymerization|
|regulation of sulfur metabolic process|
|catecholamine transport|
|positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of receptor recycling|
|synaptic vesicle priming|
|negative regulation of histone acetylation|
|neurotransmitter reuptake|
|regulation of glutamate secretion|
|phospholipase binding|
|regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic|
|regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process|
|response to epinephrine|
|platelet alpha granule membrane|
|negative regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation|
|catecholamine biosynthetic process|
|synaptic transmission, dopaminergic|
|catechol-containing compound biosynthetic process|
|inclusion body|
|regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process|
|behavioral response to cocaine|
|regulation of neurotransmitter uptake|
|regulation of dopamine metabolic process|
|regulation of catecholamine metabolic process|
|response to magnesium ion|
|negative regulation of protein acetylation|
|positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion|
|monoamine transport|
|dynein complex binding|
|fatty acid binding|
|regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway|
|negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport|
|regulation of receptor recycling|
|regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling|
|negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity|
|ferrous iron binding|
|positive regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of amine transport|
|nuclear outer membrane|
|negative regulation of ATP metabolic process|
|cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process|
|regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity|
|negative regulation of response to drug|
|dopamine metabolic process|
|neurotransmitter uptake|
|regulation of presynapse assembly|
|regulation of cellular respiration|
|cellular response to copper ion|
|regulation of presynapse organization|
|regulation of oxidative phosphorylation|
|microglial cell activation|
|leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response|
|regulation of amino acid transport|
|response to iron ion|
|phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of exocytosis|
|phosphoprotein binding|
|synaptic vesicle transport|
|regulation of cofactor metabolic process|
|negative regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization|
|beta-tubulin binding|
|glial cell activation|
|positive regulation of neurotransmitter transport|
|regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process|
|alpha-tubulin binding|
|regulation of dopamine secretion|
|regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process|
|synaptic vesicle localization|
|positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol|
|neuroinflammatory response|
|negative regulation of histone modification|
|Hsp70 protein binding|
|kinesin binding|
|catechol-containing compound metabolic process|
|ribosome|
|synaptic vesicle endocytosis|
|presynaptic endocytosis|
|catecholamine metabolic process|
|response to copper ion|
|tau protein binding|
|protein destabilization|
|long-term synaptic potentiation|
|negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway|
|terminal bouton|
|macrophage activation|
|regulation of microtubule polymerization|
|regulation of macrophage activation|
|synaptic vesicle recycling|
|ammonium transport|
|regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity|
|positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity|
|regulation of monooxygenase activity|
|positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol|
|response to cocaine|
|regulation of histone acetylation|
|copper ion binding|
|positive regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process|
|regulation of organic acid transport|
|rough endoplasmic reticulum|
|negative regulation of chromatin organization|
|negative regulation of synaptic transmission|
|receptor internalization|
|regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation|
|regulation of catecholamine secretion|
|excitatory postsynaptic potential|
|synaptic vesicle exocytosis|
|SNARE binding|
|negative regulation of protein polymerization|
|chemical synaptic transmission, postsynaptic|
|exocytic process|
|synaptic vesicle membrane|
|positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport|
|regulation of protein acetylation|
|vesicle fusion|
|regulation of phospholipase activity|
|regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process|
|organelle membrane fusion|
|mitochondrial intermembrane space|
|adult locomotory behavior|
|response to anesthetic|
|regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol|
|positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process|
|negative regulation of transporter activity|
|regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization|
|regulation of cellular amine metabolic process|
|negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process|
|negative regulation of autophagy|
|postsynapse|
|phenol-containing compound metabolic process|
|regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process|
|regulation of fatty acid metabolic process|
|activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process|
|positive regulation of exocytosis|
|negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity|
|mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport|
|positive regulation of neuron death|
|ATP synthesis coupled electron transport|
|regulation of amine transport|
|regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process|
|regulation of anion transport|
|regulation of oxidoreductase activity|
|organelle fusion|
|regulation of lipase activity|
|regulation of response to drug|
|regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol|
|regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential|
|positive regulation of endocytosis|
|neutral lipid metabolic process|
|signal release from synapse|
|cellular response to monoamine stimulus|
|cellular response to catecholamine stimulus|
|neurotransmitter secretion|
|receptor metabolic process|
|regulation of synapse assembly|
|phospholipid binding|
|positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation|
|regulation of neurotransmitter secretion|
|response to monoamine|
|response to catecholamine|
|protein N-terminus binding|
|cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus|
|respiratory electron transport chain|
|regulation of synaptic vesicle cycle|
|response to alkaloid|
|response to fibroblast growth factor|
|regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process|
|oxidative phosphorylation|
|synaptic vesicle cycle|
|regulation of nucleotide metabolic process|
|oxidoreductase activity|
|regulation of ATP metabolic process|
|positive regulation of calcium ion transport|
|regulation of sequestering of calcium ion|
|mitochondrial membrane organization|
|growth cone|
|vesicle-mediated transport in synapse|
|negative regulation of protein complex assembly|
|histone binding|
|membrane fusion|
|negative regulation of supramolecular fiber organization|
|positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process|
|negative regulation of protein catabolic process|
|negative regulation of chromosome organization|
|cell cortex|
|regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation|
|organic hydroxy compound transport|
|positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process|
|negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization|
|regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process|
|positive regulation of inflammatory response|
|positive regulation of cation transmembrane transport|
|regulation of neurotransmitter transport|
|regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway|
|negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process|
|adult behavior|
|regulation of histone modification|
|regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport|
|negative regulation of ion transport|
|drug transport|
|protein tetramerization|
|positive regulation of synaptic transmission|
|positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity|
|positive regulation of ion transmembrane transport|
|regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy|
|mitochondrial outer membrane|
|cellular respiration|
|signal release|
|regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process|
|positive regulation of endopeptidase activity|
|establishment of vesicle localization|
|regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process|
|neurotransmitter transport|
|response to interferon-gamma|
|electron transport chain|
|vesicle localization|
|response to ammonium ion|
|organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process|
|regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization|
|regulation of chromatin organization|
|regulation of synaptic plasticity|
|cellular response to metal ion|
|positive regulation of peptidase activity|
|ammonium ion metabolic process|
|locomotory behavior|
|response to interleukin-1|
|positive regulation of transmembrane transport|
|negative regulation of secretion by cell|
|ATP metabolic process|
|regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process|
|regulation of endocytosis|
|regulation of neuron apoptotic process|
|negative regulation of neuron death|
|regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process|
|magnesium ion binding|
|actin cytoskeleton|
|regulation of synapse organization|
|transcription regulatory region DNA binding|
|cellular response to inorganic substance|
|regulation of microtubule-based process|
|regulation of exocytosis|
|regulation of protein polymerization|
|regulation of synapse structure or activity|
|negative regulation of secretion|
|energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds|
|receptor-mediated endocytosis|
|microtubule binding|
|cellular response to oxidative stress|
|regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity|
|negative regulation of endopeptidase activity|
|protein domain specific binding|
|regulation of calcium ion transport|
|lysosome|
|negative regulation of cellular catabolic process|
|negative regulation of peptidase activity|
|regulation of transmembrane transporter activity|
|actin binding|
|synapse organization|
|positive regulation of ion transport|
|regulation of transporter activity|
|aging|
|positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration|
|regulation of protein stability|
|axon|
|vesicle organization|
|response to xenobiotic stimulus|
|negative regulation of catabolic process|
|regulation of neuron death|
|response to lipopolysaccharide|
|fatty acid metabolic process|
|response to molecule of bacterial origin|
|regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration|
|regulation of autophagy|
|regulation of cation transmembrane transport|
|regulation of inflammatory response|
|positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity|
|regulation of chromosome organization|
|regulation of supramolecular fiber organization|
|regulation of neurotransmitter levels|
|negative regulation of proteolysis|
|positive regulation of proteolysis|
|establishment of organelle localization|
|positive regulation of cellular catabolic process|
|mitochondrial matrix|
|response to metal ion|
|neuronal cell body|
|negative regulation of organelle organization|
|phospholipid metabolic process|
|regulation of protein catabolic process|
|regulation of metal ion transport|
|response to oxidative stress|
|mitochondrial inner membrane|
|regulation of lipid metabolic process|
|regulation of cellular amide metabolic process|
|positive regulation of secretion by cell|
|negative regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|regulation of endopeptidase activity|
|anterograde trans-synaptic signaling|
|chemical synaptic transmission|
|generation of precursor metabolites and energy|
|cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in cell-cell signaling|
|regulation of small molecule metabolic process|
|regulation of membrane potential|
|positive regulation of catabolic process|
|positive regulation of secretion|
|cellular calcium ion homeostasis|
|trans-synaptic signaling|
|modulation of chemical synaptic transmission|
|mitochondrion organization|
|regulation of trans-synaptic signaling|
|negative regulation of phosphorylation|
|regulation of peptidase activity|
|calcium ion homeostasis|
|regulation of protein complex assembly|
|negative regulation of hydrolase activity|
|organic hydroxy compound metabolic process|
|supramolecular fiber organization|
|synaptic signaling|
|cellular divalent inorganic cation homeostasis|
|positive regulation of defense response|
|regulation of ion transmembrane transport|
|negative regulation of transport|
|divalent inorganic cation homeostasis|
|inflammatory response|
|cellular response to growth factor stimulus|
|drug metabolic process|
|regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity|
|protein complex oligomerization|
|monocarboxylic acid metabolic process|
|response to growth factor|
|response to inorganic substance|
|positive regulation of protein kinase activity|
|regulation of cytoskeleton organization|
|cellular response to organic cyclic compound|
|cell junction|
|regulation of vesicle-mediated transport|
|endocytosis|
|cellular metal ion homeostasis|
|negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|regulation of transmembrane transport|
|behavior|
|positive regulation of kinase activity|
|organelle localization|
|myeloid leukocyte activation|
|negative regulation of protein modification process|
|cellular response to organonitrogen compound|
|regulation of leukocyte activation|
|positive regulation of response to external stimulus|
|metal ion homeostasis|
|cellular cation homeostasis|
|regulation of cell activation|
|positive regulation of apoptotic process|
|cellular ion homeostasis|
|positive regulation of programmed cell death|
|positive regulation of transferase activity|
|cellular response to nitrogen compound|
|import into cell|
|response to bacterium|
|positive regulation of cell death|
|perinuclear region of cytoplasm|
|regulation of ion transport|
|regulated exocytosis|
|negative regulation of cellular component organization|
|cation homeostasis|
|inorganic ion homeostasis|
|calcium ion binding|
|regulation of proteolysis|
|cellular chemical homeostasis|
|regulation of secretion by cell|
|regulation of defense response|
|innate immune response|
|positive regulation of hydrolase activity|
|ion homeostasis|
|negative regulation of catalytic activity|
|exocytosis|
|regulation of protein kinase activity|
|regulation of secretion|
|cation transport|
|regulation of cellular catabolic process|
|zinc ion binding|
|cellular protein-containing complex assembly|
|response to lipid|
|membrane organization|
|negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II|
|regulation of kinase activity|
|organophosphate metabolic process|
|negative regulation of apoptotic process|
|cellular homeostasis|
|negative regulation of programmed cell death|
|carboxylic acid metabolic process|
|regulation of cellular localization|
|response to organic cyclic compound|
|apoptotic process|
|regulation of nervous system development|
|leukocyte activation|
|defense response to other organism|
|cellular lipid metabolic process|
|regulation of cellular component biogenesis|
|oxidation-reduction process|
|regulation of transferase activity|
|regulation of locomotion|
|Golgi apparatus|
|positive regulation of transport|
|negative regulation of cell death|
|regulation of catabolic process|
|response to organonitrogen compound|
|oxoacid metabolic process|
|secretion by cell|
|positive regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|response to drug|
|organic acid metabolic process|
|negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process|
|export from cell|
|programmed cell death|
|cellular response to oxygen-containing compound|
|positive regulation of phosphorylation|
|identical protein binding|
|cell activation|
|response to nitrogen compound|
|cell death|
|regulation of response to external stimulus|
|response to cytokine|
|negative regulation of protein metabolic process|
|chemical homeostasis|
|cell-cell signaling|
|secretion|
|positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|negative regulation of molecular function|
|aromatic compound biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated|
|positive regulation of cellular component organization|
|lipid metabolic process|
|cellular response to endogenous stimulus|
|positive regulation of protein modification process|
|negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription|
|negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process|
|mitochondrion|
|negative regulation of signal transduction|
|regulation of hydrolase activity|
|phosphorylation|
|regulation of organelle organization|
|response to other organism|
|organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process|
|response to external biotic stimulus|
|response to biotic stimulus|
|negative regulation of RNA metabolic process|
|defense response|
|negative regulation of cell communication|
|negative regulation of signaling|
|ion transport|
|nervous system process|
|negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of catalytic activity|
|negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|response to endogenous stimulus|
|regulation of response to stress|
|negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|regulation of apoptotic process|
|negative regulation of biosynthetic process|
|response to oxygen-containing compound|
|protein-containing complex assembly|
|regulation of programmed cell death|
|regulation of phosphorylation|
|extracellular space|
|positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process|
|negative regulation of response to stimulus|
|homeostatic process|
|regulation of immune system process|
|regulation of cell death|
|cellular response to stress|
|positive regulation of protein metabolic process|
|negative regulation of gene expression|
|small molecule metabolic process|
|positive regulation of molecular function|
|regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|positive regulation of cell communication|
|positive regulation of signaling|
|establishment of localization in cell|
|regulation of protein modification process|
|nitrogen compound transport|
|protein-containing complex subunit organization|
|regulation of transport|
|immune response|
|extracellular region|
|vesicle-mediated transport|
|system process|
|positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|membrane|
|positive regulation of biosynthetic process|
\\
=== CRISPR Data ===
^Screen^Score^
|[[:results:exp458|Bisphenol S 100μM R08 exp458]]|1.7|
|[[:results:exp449|Arsenic trioxide 60μM R08 exp449]]|1.9|
No correlation found to any other genes in chemogenomics.
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 0/726
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|0/28|
|blood|0/28|
|bone|0/25|
|breast|0/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|0/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|0/15|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|0/14|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|0/24|
|soft tissue|0/7|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
== Essentiality in NALM6 ==
* **Essentiality Rank**: 7718
* **Expression level (log2 read counts)**: -1.17
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}