======= TERT =======
== Gene Information ==
* **Official Symbol**: TERT
* **Official Name**: telomerase reverse transcriptase
* **Aliases and Previous Symbols**: N/A
* **Entrez ID**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=7015|7015]]
* **UniProt**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14746|O14746]]
* **Interactions**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=TERT&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
* **PubMed articles**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20TERT|Open PubMed]]
* **OMIM**: [[https://omim.org/entry/187270|Open OMIM]]
== Function Summary ==
* **Entrez Summary**: Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. The enzyme consists of a protein component with reverse transcriptase activity, encoded by this gene, and an RNA component which serves as a template for the telomere repeat. Telomerase expression plays a role in cellular senescence, as it is normally repressed in postnatal somatic cells resulting in progressive shortening of telomeres. Deregulation of telomerase expression in somatic cells may be involved in oncogenesis. Studies in mouse suggest that telomerase also participates in chromosomal repair, since de novo synthesis of telomere repeats may occur at double-stranded breaks. Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms of telomerase reverse transcriptase have been identified; the full-length sequence of some variants has not been determined. Alternative splicing at this locus is thought to be one mechanism of regulation of telomerase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
* **UniProt Summary**: Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. Active in progenitor and cancer cells. Inactive, or very low activity, in normal somatic cells. Catalytic component of the teleromerase holoenzyme complex whose main activity is the elongation of telomeres by acting as a reverse transcriptase that adds simple sequence repeats to chromosome ends by copying a template sequence within the RNA component of the enzyme. Catalyzes the RNA- dependent extension of 3'-chromosomal termini with the 6- nucleotide telomeric repeat unit, 5'-TTAGGG-3'. The catalytic cycle involves primer binding, primer extension and release of product once the template boundary has been reached or nascent product translocation followed by further extension. More active on substrates containing 2 or 3 telomeric repeats. Telomerase activity is regulated by a number of factors including telomerase complex-associated proteins, chaperones and polypeptide modifiers. Modulates Wnt signaling. Plays important roles in aging and antiapoptosis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14963003, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15082768, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15857955, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17026956, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17264120, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17296728, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17548608, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19188162, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19567472, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19571879, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19777057, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9389643}.
|Telomerase RBD|
|RVT 1|
|telomerase catalytic core complex|
|telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity|
|TERT-RMRP complex|
|negative regulation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference|
|double-stranded RNA biosynthetic process|
|RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex|
|regulation of transdifferentiation|
|template-free RNA nucleotidyltransferase|
|positive regulation of transdifferentiation|
|transcription, RNA-templated|
|RNA-directed 5-3 RNA polymerase activity|
|negative regulation of RNA interference|
|regulation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference|
|positive regulation of protein localization to nucleolus|
|regulation of RNA interference|
|telomerase activity|
|establishment of protein localization to telomere|
|regulation of protein localization to nucleolus|
|nuclear telomere cap complex|
|production of siRNA involved in RNA interference|
|RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity|
|replicative senescence|
|positive regulation of hair cycle|
|negative regulation of glial cell proliferation|
|establishment of protein localization to chromosome|
|protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region|
|negative regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing|
|negative regulation of gene silencing by RNA|
|positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration|
|RNA interference|
|negative regulation of cellular senescence|
|telomerase holoenzyme complex|
|transcription coactivator binding|
|regulation of production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNA|
|positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity|
|telomere maintenance via telomerase|
|telomerase RNA binding|
|regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration|
|DNA strand elongation|
|negative regulation of cell aging|
|telomeric DNA binding|
|positive regulation of monooxygenase activity|
|regulation of hair cycle|
|beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly|
|telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening|
|regulation of glial cell proliferation|
|negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process|
|positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II|
|positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation|
|production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNA|
|dsRNA processing|
|RNA-dependent DNA biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of signal transduction in absence of ligand|
|negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand|
|negative regulation of gene silencing|
|positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle|
|positive regulation of glucose import|
|positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration|
|positive regulation of stem cell proliferation|
|negative regulation of gliogenesis|
|regulation of cellular senescence|
|regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II|
|negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process|
|positive regulation of glucose transmembrane transport|
|mitochondrial nucleoid|
|regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity|
|regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand|
|positive regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition|
|regulation of cell aging|
|chromosome, telomeric region|
|regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation|
|regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process|
|positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity|
|regulation of monooxygenase activity|
|regulation of glucose import|
|posttranscriptional gene silencing by RNA|
|posttranscriptional gene silencing|
|regulation of smooth muscle cell migration|
|protein localization to chromosome|
|tRNA binding|
|response to cadmium ion|
|cell aging|
|regulation of stem cell proliferation|
|regulation of glucose transmembrane transport|
|positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus|
|positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition|
|regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process|
|positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation|
|gene silencing by RNA|
|regulation of gene silencing by RNA|
|regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing|
|positive regulation of protein binding|
|positive regulation of cell cycle phase transition|
|regulation of oxidoreductase activity|
|telomere maintenance|
|PML body|
|telomere organization|
|negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway|
|chaperone binding|
|protein N-terminus binding|
|nuclear chromosome, telomeric region|
|DNA biosynthetic process|
|regulation of gliogenesis|
|regulation of protein localization to nucleus|
|regulation of gene silencing|
|regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation|
|negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process|
|regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle|
|positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle|
|gene silencing|
|regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of angiogenesis|
|regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition|
|positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of binding|
|positive regulation of vasculature development|
|cellular response to hypoxia|
|protein C-terminus binding|
|cellular response to decreased oxygen levels|
|positive regulation of transmembrane transport|
|regulation of neuron apoptotic process|
|negative regulation of neuron death|
|cellular response to oxygen levels|
|regulation of protein binding|
|negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway|
|regulation of gene expression, epigenetic|
|aging|
|positive regulation of cell cycle process|
|regulation of protein stability|
|regulation of angiogenesis|
|negative regulation of neurogenesis|
|regulation of neuron death|
|negative regulation of nervous system development|
|regulation of vasculature development|
|positive regulation of cellular protein localization|
|negative regulation of cell development|
|anatomical structure homeostasis|
|response to hypoxia|
|response to decreased oxygen levels|
|regulation of Wnt signaling pathway|
|response to metal ion|
|regulation of binding|
|positive regulation of cell cycle|
|response to oxygen levels|
|regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway|
|nuclear speck|
|regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition|
|establishment of protein localization to organelle|
|mitochondrion organization|
|regulation of cell cycle phase transition|
|positive regulation of cell migration|
|positive regulation of cell motility|
|posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression|
|response to inorganic substance|
|positive regulation of cellular component movement|
|regulation of cellular protein localization|
|positive regulation of locomotion|
|regulation of transmembrane transport|
|regulation of mitotic cell cycle|
|nucleic acid-templated transcription|
|RNA biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of cell population proliferation|
|negative regulation of cell differentiation|
|regulation of cellular response to stress|
|protein localization to organelle|
|DNA metabolic process|
|regulation of cell cycle process|
|regulation of neurogenesis|
|regulation of cell migration|
|nucleolus|
|RNA processing|
|protein homodimerization activity|
|negative regulation of apoptotic process|
|negative regulation of programmed cell death|
|regulation of cell motility|
|positive regulation of cell population proliferation|
|regulation of cellular localization|
|regulation of nervous system development|
|regulation of cell development|
|negative regulation of developmental process|
|positive regulation of cell differentiation|
|regulation of locomotion|
|positive regulation of transport|
|negative regulation of cell death|
|regulation of cellular component movement|
|regulation of protein localization|
|regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis|
|chromosome organization|
|identical protein binding|
|nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process|
|response to abiotic stimulus|
|heterocycle biosynthetic process|
|aromatic compound biosynthetic process|
|regulation of cell cycle|
|negative regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II|
|negative regulation of signal transduction|
|organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of RNA metabolic process|
|negative regulation of cell communication|
|negative regulation of signaling|
|positive regulation of developmental process|
|RNA binding|
|positive regulation of catalytic activity|
|negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|DNA binding|
|regulation of response to stress|
|generation of neurons|
|regulation of apoptotic process|
|positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated|
|protein-containing complex assembly|
|regulation of programmed cell death|
|cellular protein localization|
|cellular macromolecule localization|
|establishment of protein localization|
|regulation of cell population proliferation|
|negative regulation of response to stimulus|
|neurogenesis|
|cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription|
|positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process|
|homeostatic process|
|positive regulation of signal transduction|
|RNA metabolic process|
|regulation of cell death|
|cellular response to stress|
|cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of gene expression|
|positive regulation of RNA metabolic process|
|positive regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of molecular function|
|regulation of cell differentiation|
|positive regulation of cell communication|
|positive regulation of signaling|
|protein-containing complex subunit organization|
|regulation of transport|
|positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of gene expression|
|gene expression|
|positive regulation of biosynthetic process|
\\
=== CRISPR Data ===
No hits were found.
^Gene^Correlation^
|[[:human genes:h:hgc6.3|HGC6.3]]|0.423|
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 0/726
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|0/28|
|blood|0/28|
|bone|0/25|
|breast|0/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|0/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|0/15|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|0/14|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|0/24|
|soft tissue|0/7|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
== Essentiality in NALM6 ==
* **Essentiality Rank**: 3420
* **Expression level (log2 read counts)**: 3.36
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}