======= TLR2 =======
== Gene Information ==
* **Official Symbol**: TLR2
* **Official Name**: toll like receptor 2
* **Aliases and Previous Symbols**: N/A
* **Entrez ID**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=7097|7097]]
* **UniProt**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O60603|O60603]]
* **Interactions**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=TLR2&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
* **PubMed articles**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20TLR2|Open PubMed]]
* **OMIM**: [[https://omim.org/entry/603028|Open OMIM]]
== Function Summary ==
* **Entrez Summary**: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. This protein is a cell-surface protein that can form heterodimers with other TLR family members to recognize conserved molecules derived from microorganisms known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Activation of TLRs by PAMPs leads to an up-regulation of signaling pathways to modulate the host's inflammatory response. This gene is also thought to promote apoptosis in response to bacterial lipoproteins. This gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016].
* **UniProt Summary**: Cooperates with LY96 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins and other microbial cell wall components. Cooperates with TLR1 or TLR6 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins or lipopeptides (PubMed:21078852, PubMed:17889651). Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. May also activate immune cells and promote apoptosis in response to the lipid moiety of lipoproteins (PubMed:10426995, PubMed:10426996). Recognizes mycoplasmal macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2kD (MALP-2), soluble tuberculosis factor (STF), phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) and B.burgdorferi outer surface protein A lipoprotein (OspA-L) cooperatively with TLR6 (PubMed:11441107). Stimulation of monocytes in vitro with M.tuberculosis PstS1 induces p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 activation primarily via this receptor, but also partially via TLR4 (PubMed:16622205). MAPK activation in response to bacterial peptidoglycan also occurs via this receptor (PubMed:16622205). Acts as a receptor for M.tuberculosis lipoproteins LprA, LprG, LpqH and PstS1, some lipoproteins are dependent on other coreceptors (TLR1, CD14 and/or CD36); the lipoproteins act as agonists to modulate antigen presenting cell functions in response to the pathogen (PubMed:19362712). M.tuberculosis HSP70 (dnaK) but not HSP65 (groEL-2) acts via this protein to stimulate NF-kappa-B expression (PubMed:15809303). Recognizes M.tuberculosis major T-antigen EsxA (ESAT-6) which inhibits downstream MYD88-dependent signaling (shown in mouse) (By similarity). Forms activation clusters composed of several receptors depending on the ligand, these clusters trigger signaling from the cell surface and subsequently are targeted to the Golgi in a lipid-raft dependent pathway. Forms the cluster TLR2:TLR6:CD14:CD36 in response to diacylated lipopeptides and TLR2:TLR1:CD14 in response to triacylated lipopeptides (PubMed:16880211). Required for normal uptake of M.tuberculosis, a process that is inhibited by M.tuberculosis LppM (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9QUN7, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10426995, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10426996, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11441107, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15809303, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16622205, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16880211, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17889651, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19362712, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21078852}.
|LRR 4|
|TIR|
|triacyl lipopeptide binding|
|detection of diacyl bacterial lipopeptide|
|Toll-like receptor 1-Toll-like receptor 2 protein complex|
|detection of triacyl bacterial lipopeptide|
|central nervous system myelin formation|
|positive regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus|
|detection of bacterial lipopeptide|
|response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide|
|positive regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor|
|toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway|
|cellular response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide|
|microglia development|
|toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway|
|detection of bacterial lipoprotein|
|cytokine secretion involved in immune response|
|cellular response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide|
|microglia differentiation|
|response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide|
|regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor|
|lipopolysaccharide receptor activity|
|regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus|
|interleukin-10 production|
|positive regulation of interleukin-18 production|
|Toll-like receptor binding|
|toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway|
|cellular response to bacterial lipoprotein|
|cellular response to bacterial lipopeptide|
|response to bacterial lipopeptide|
|response to bacterial lipoprotein|
|negative regulation of synapse assembly|
|tumor necrosis factor production|
|regulation of interleukin-18 production|
|tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production|
|cellular response to lipoteichoic acid|
|response to lipoteichoic acid|
|signaling pattern recognition receptor activity|
|detection of molecule of bacterial origin|
|detection of bacterium|
|I-kappaB phosphorylation|
|detection of other organism|
|positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of interleukin-8 secretion|
|peptidoglycan binding|
|nitric oxide metabolic process|
|detection of external biotic stimulus|
|myelin assembly|
|regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process|
|central nervous system myelination|
|axon ensheathment in central nervous system|
|negative regulation of phagocytosis|
|reactive nitrogen species metabolic process|
|cytokine production involved in immune response|
|positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation|
|detection of biotic stimulus|
|macrophage differentiation|
|negative regulation of synapse organization|
|regulation of interleukin-8 secretion|
|positive regulation of interferon-beta production|
|leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response|
|microglial cell activation|
|leukotriene metabolic process|
|MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway|
|lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway|
|lipopolysaccharide binding|
|positive regulation of interleukin-12 production|
|positive regulation of interleukin-10 production|
|intrinsic component of plasma membrane|
|glial cell activation|
|regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation|
|neuroinflammatory response|
|oligodendrocyte development|
|positive regulation of glial cell differentiation|
|response to progesterone|
|regulation of interferon-beta production|
|cytokine secretion|
|positive regulation of interleukin-8 production|
|macrophage activation|
|regulation of interleukin-10 production|
|regulation of interleukin-12 production|
|positive regulation of chemokine production|
|positive regulation of response to cytokine stimulus|
|myeloid cell development|
|regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway|
|I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling|
|regulation of interleukin-8 production|
|oligodendrocyte differentiation|
|regulation of glial cell differentiation|
|positive regulation of gliogenesis|
|cell body|
|phagocytic vesicle membrane|
|positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling|
|regulation of chemokine production|
|positive regulation of type I interferon production|
|amyloid-beta binding|
|response to fatty acid|
|positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production|
|positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production|
|neurotransmitter metabolic process|
|defense response to Gram-positive bacterium|
|positive regulation of interleukin-6 production|
|regulation of phagocytosis|
|secretory granule membrane|
|cell projection|
|toll-like receptor signaling pathway|
|cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis|
|regulation of synapse assembly|
|myelination|
|glial cell development|
|axon ensheathment|
|ensheathment of neurons|
|regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling|
|icosanoid metabolic process|
|myeloid leukocyte differentiation|
|reactive oxygen species metabolic process|
|regulation of gliogenesis|
|regulation of type I interferon production|
|pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of cytokine secretion|
|positive regulation of inflammatory response|
|regulation of interleukin-6 production|
|learning|
|regulation of tumor necrosis factor production|
|cytokine production|
|positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity|
|regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production|
|protein secretion|
|establishment of protein localization to extracellular region|
|cellular response to interferon-gamma|
|protein localization to extracellular region|
|fatty acid derivative metabolic process|
|glial cell differentiation|
|peptide secretion|
|regulation of response to cytokine stimulus|
|positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway|
|production of molecular mediator of immune response|
|response to interferon-gamma|
|cellular response to lipopolysaccharide|
|cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin|
|response to ketone|
|signaling receptor activity|
|regulation of cytokine secretion|
|gliogenesis|
|cellular response to biotic stimulus|
|regulation of synapse organization|
|myeloid cell differentiation|
|membrane raft|
|regulation of synapse structure or activity|
|response to insulin|
|innate immune response-activating signal transduction|
|activation of innate immune response|
|learning or memory|
|positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity|
|protein-containing complex binding|
|positive regulation of protein secretion|
|positive regulation of peptide secretion|
|cognition|
|negative regulation of nervous system development|
|response to lipopolysaccharide|
|response to molecule of bacterial origin|
|response to steroid hormone|
|defense response to bacterium|
|leukocyte differentiation|
|regulation of inflammatory response|
|positive regulation of innate immune response|
|response to hypoxia|
|response to acid chemical|
|regulation of neurotransmitter levels|
|response to decreased oxygen levels|
|regulation of Wnt signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus|
|response to oxygen levels|
|response to peptide hormone|
|positive regulation of secretion by cell|
|positive regulation of protein transport|
|regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity|
|positive regulation of secretion|
|positive regulation of cytokine production|
|regulation of innate immune response|
|positive regulation of establishment of protein localization|
|regulation of protein secretion|
|positive regulation of neurogenesis|
|response to peptide|
|positive regulation of defense response|
|negative regulation of transport|
|neutrophil degranulation|
|protein heterodimerization activity|
|neutrophil activation involved in immune response|
|regulation of peptide secretion|
|neutrophil mediated immunity|
|inflammatory response|
|drug metabolic process|
|neutrophil activation|
|granulocyte activation|
|response to toxic substance|
|positive regulation of multi-organism process|
|leukocyte degranulation|
|myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity|
|cellular response to lipid|
|myeloid cell activation involved in immune response|
|detection of chemical stimulus|
|regulation of response to biotic stimulus|
|positive regulation of nervous system development|
|positive regulation of cell development|
|regulation of vesicle-mediated transport|
|hemopoiesis|
|immune response-activating signal transduction|
|behavior|
|myeloid leukocyte activation|
|immune response-regulating signaling pathway|
|positive regulation of response to external stimulus|
|hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development|
|cell surface|
|leukocyte activation involved in immune response|
|cell activation involved in immune response|
|activation of immune response|
|immune system development|
|negative regulation of cell population proliferation|
|response to bacterium|
|detection of stimulus|
|regulation of cytokine production|
|regulated exocytosis|
|negative regulation of cellular component organization|
|regulation of protein transport|
|regulation of peptide transport|
|regulation of establishment of protein localization|
|regulation of secretion by cell|
|regulation of defense response|
|leukocyte mediated immunity|
|innate immune response|
|regulation of multi-organism process|
|exocytosis|
|regulation of secretion|
|regulation of neurogenesis|
|cellular component morphogenesis|
|response to lipid|
|positive regulation of immune response|
|anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis|
|response to hormone|
|carboxylic acid metabolic process|
|response to organic cyclic compound|
|apoptotic process|
|regulation of nervous system development|
|leukocyte activation|
|regulation of cell development|
|negative regulation of developmental process|
|defense response to other organism|
|regulation of cellular component biogenesis|
|positive regulation of cell differentiation|
|protein phosphorylation|
|central nervous system development|
|Golgi apparatus|
|positive regulation of transport|
|response to organonitrogen compound|
|oxoacid metabolic process|
|secretion by cell|
|cellular response to cytokine stimulus|
|positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction|
|response to drug|
|organic acid metabolic process|
|regulation of protein localization|
|export from cell|
|programmed cell death|
|cellular response to oxygen-containing compound|
|identical protein binding|
|cell activation|
|response to nitrogen compound|
|immune effector process|
|cell death|
|regulation of response to external stimulus|
|response to cytokine|
|secretion|
|positive regulation of immune system process|
|regulation of immune response|
|response to abiotic stimulus|
|negative regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II|
|phosphorylation|
|response to other organism|
|response to external biotic stimulus|
|response to biotic stimulus|
|defense response|
|positive regulation of developmental process|
|nervous system process|
|integral component of plasma membrane|
|response to endogenous stimulus|
|regulation of response to stress|
|protein transport|
|generation of neurons|
|peptide transport|
|positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated|
|response to oxygen-containing compound|
|amide transport|
|establishment of protein localization|
|regulation of cell population proliferation|
|neurogenesis|
|positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription|
|positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process|
|cell development|
|regulation of immune system process|
|positive regulation of signal transduction|
|intracellular signal transduction|
|positive regulation of RNA metabolic process|
|positive regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|small molecule metabolic process|
|positive regulation of molecular function|
|regulation of cell differentiation|
|positive regulation of cell communication|
|positive regulation of signaling|
|regulation of intracellular signal transduction|
|nitrogen compound transport|
|regulation of transport|
|immune response|
|positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|vesicle-mediated transport|
|system process|
|positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of gene expression|
|positive regulation of biosynthetic process|
\\
=== CRISPR Data ===
No hits were found.
No correlation found to any other genes in chemogenomics.
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 0/739
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|0/28|
|blood|0/28|
|bone|0/26|
|breast|0/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|0/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|0/16|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|0/16|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|0/24|
|soft tissue|0/9|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
== Essentiality in NALM6 ==
* **Essentiality Rank**: 8624
* **Expression level (log2 read counts)**: 0.55
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}