======= XDH =======


== Gene Information ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Symbol</color>**: XDH
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Name</color>**: xanthine dehydrogenase
  * **<color #00a2e8>Aliases and Previous Symbols</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez ID</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=7498|7498]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt</color>**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P47989|P47989]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>Interactions</color>**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=XDH&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>PubMed articles</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20XDH|Open PubMed]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>OMIM</color>**: [[https://omim.org/entry/607633|Open OMIM]]

== Function Summary ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez Summary</color>**:  Xanthine dehydrogenase belongs to the group of molybdenum-containing hydroxylases involved in the oxidative metabolism of purines. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Xanthine dehydrogenase can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification. Defects in xanthine dehydrogenase cause xanthinuria, may contribute to adult respiratory stress syndrome, and may potentiate influenza infection through an oxygen metabolite-dependent mechanism. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]. 
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt Summary</color>**:  Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Has also low oxidase activity towards aldehydes (in vitro). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17301077}.

<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='Pfam_Domains'>Pfam Domains</button>
<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='GO_terms'>GO Terms</button>


<modal id='Pfam_Domains' size='lg' title='Pfam Domains'>
|Fer2|
|Fer2 2|
|FAD binding 5|
|Ald Xan dh C|
|CO deh flav C|
|Ald Xan dh C2|
</modal>

<modal id='GO_terms' size='lg' title='GO Terms'>
|xanthine oxidase activity|
|negative regulation of vasculogenesis|
|xanthine catabolic process|
|xanthine dehydrogenase activity|
|xanthine metabolic process|
|purine nucleobase catabolic process|
|molybdopterin cofactor binding|
|negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway|
|negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation|
|negative regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus|
|nucleobase catabolic process|
|regulation of vasculogenesis|
|regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway|
|regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus|
|purine nucleobase metabolic process|
|2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding|
|positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade|
|FAD binding|
|regulation of endothelial cell differentiation|
|negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation|
|regulation of p38MAPK cascade|
|negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation|
|nucleobase metabolic process|
|sarcoplasmic reticulum|
|purine nucleotide catabolic process|
|lactation|
|negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling|
|purine-containing compound catabolic process|
|flavin adenine dinucleotide binding|
|nucleotide catabolic process|
|nucleoside phosphate catabolic process|
|body fluid secretion|
|electron transfer activity|
|activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process|
|positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process|
|negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis|
|nucleobase-containing small molecule biosynthetic process|
|peroxisome|
|negative regulation of vasculature development|
|negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation|
|organophosphate catabolic process|
|mammary gland development|
|regulation of endothelial cell proliferation|
|positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process|
|iron ion binding|
|regulation of epithelial cell differentiation|
|negative regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus|
|positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity|
|positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade|
|positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade|
|positive regulation of endopeptidase activity|
|regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process|
|electron transport chain|
|positive regulation of peptidase activity|
|regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process|
|regulation of protein kinase B signaling|
|regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade|
|regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade|
|regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity|
|regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus|
|regulation of vasculature development|
|purine nucleotide metabolic process|
|regulation of epithelial cell proliferation|
|positive regulation of proteolysis|
|purine-containing compound metabolic process|
|nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process|
|negative regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|gland development|
|regulation of endopeptidase activity|
|generation of precursor metabolites and energy|
|heterocycle catabolic process|
|cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process|
|aromatic compound catabolic process|
|regulation of peptidase activity|
|negative regulation of phosphorylation|
|nucleotide metabolic process|
|nucleoside phosphate metabolic process|
|organic cyclic compound catabolic process|
|regulation of body fluid levels|
|negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction|
|nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process|
|positive regulation of MAPK cascade|
|negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|small molecule biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of protein modification process|
|positive regulation of apoptotic process|
|positive regulation of programmed cell death|
|negative regulation of cell population proliferation|
|positive regulation of cell death|
|negative regulation of cell differentiation|
|regulation of proteolysis|
|regulation of cellular response to stress|
|regulation of MAPK cascade|
|positive regulation of hydrolase activity|
|protein homodimerization activity|
|organophosphate metabolic process|
|negative regulation of developmental process|
|oxidation-reduction process|
|positive regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction|
|negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process|
|positive regulation of phosphorylation|
|regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis|
|organonitrogen compound catabolic process|
|nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of protein metabolic process|
|secretion|
|positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|heterocycle biosynthetic process|
|aromatic compound biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|positive regulation of protein modification process|
|negative regulation of signal transduction|
|regulation of hydrolase activity|
|organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process|
|negative regulation of cell communication|
|negative regulation of signaling|
|positive regulation of catalytic activity|
|regulation of protein phosphorylation|
|regulation of response to stress|
|regulation of apoptotic process|
|regulation of programmed cell death|
|regulation of phosphorylation|
|extracellular space|
|positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process|
|regulation of cell population proliferation|
|negative regulation of response to stimulus|
|cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of signal transduction|
|regulation of cell death|
|positive regulation of protein metabolic process|
|negative regulation of gene expression|
|small molecule metabolic process|
|organic substance catabolic process|
|positive regulation of molecular function|
|regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|cellular catabolic process|
|regulation of cell differentiation|
|positive regulation of cell communication|
|positive regulation of signaling|
|regulation of intracellular signal transduction|
|regulation of protein modification process|
</modal>
\\

 === CRISPR Data ===
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Compound_Hit'>Compound Hit</button>
<button type='default' size='small' modal='Most_Correlated_Genes'>Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Essential_Avana'>Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)</button>

<modal id='Compound_Hit' size='lg' title='Compound Hit'>
^Screen^Score^
|[[:results:exp392|PT-1 25μM R07 exp392]]|-1.92|
|[[:results:exp211|AICAR 240μM R05 exp211]]|-1.9|
|[[:results:exp504|MK2206 4μM R08 exp504]]|-1.8|
|[[:results:exp389|PF-06409577 20μM R07 exp389]]|1.71|
|[[:results:exp347|Cyclosporin-A 0.8μM R07 exp347]]|1.72|
|[[:results:exp69|Deguelin 0.05μM R02 exp69]]|1.72|
|[[:results:exp96|BI-2536 0.02μM R03 exp96]]|2.19|
</modal>

<modal id='Most_Correlated_Genes' size='lg' title='Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics'>
No correlation found to any other genes in chemogenomics.
</modal>

<modal id='Essential_Avana' size='lg' title='Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)'>
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 0/739
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|0/28|
|blood|0/28|
|bone|0/26|
|breast|0/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|0/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|0/16|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|0/16|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|0/24|
|soft tissue|0/9|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
</modal>

== Essentiality in NALM6  ==
    * **<color #00a2e8>Essentiality Rank</color>**: 8419
    * **<color #00a2e8>Expression level (log2 read counts)</color>**: 1.21 
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Dist_expr'>Expression Distribution</button>
<modal id='Dist_expr' size='lg' title='XDH Expression in NALM6 Cells: 1.21'>
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}
</modal>