GHRL
Gene Information
- Official Symbol: GHRL
- Official Name: ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide
- Aliases and Previous Symbols: N/A
- Entrez ID: 51738
- UniProt: Q9UBU3
- Interactions: BioGRID
- PubMed articles: Open PubMed
- OMIM: Open OMIM
Function Summary
- Entrez Summary: This gene encodes the ghrelin-obestatin preproprotein that is cleaved to yield two peptides, ghrelin and obestatin. Ghrelin is a powerful appetite stimulant and plays an important role in energy homeostasis. Its secretion is initiated when the stomach is empty, whereupon it binds to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in the hypothalamus which results in the secretion of growth hormone (somatotropin). Ghrelin is thought to regulate multiple activities, including hunger, reward perception via the mesolimbic pathway, gastric acid secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and pancreatic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. It was initially proposed that obestatin plays an opposing role to ghrelin by promoting satiety and thus decreasing food intake, but this action is still debated. Recent reports suggest multiple metabolic roles for obestatin, including regulating adipocyte function and glucose metabolism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. In addition, antisense transcripts for this gene have been identified and may potentially regulate ghrelin-obestatin preproprotein expression. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014].
- UniProt Summary: N/A
Pfam Domains GO Terms
Pfam Domains
| Motilin assoc |
| Motilin ghrelin |
GO Terms
| ghrelin receptor binding |
| cortisol secretion |
| positive regulation of growth rate |
| positive regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation |
| negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep |
| positive regulation of small intestinal transit |
| regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation |
| glucocorticoid secretion |
| regulation of small intestinal transit |
| growth hormone-releasing hormone activity |
| corticosteroid hormone secretion |
| positive regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction |
| gastric motility |
| regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction |
| gastric emptying |
| positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway |
| positive regulation of eating behavior |
| positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep |
| positive regulation of response to food |
| regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep |
| positive regulation of appetite |
| positive regulation of cortisol secretion |
| regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway |
| regulation of gastric motility |
| steroid hormone secretion |
| positive regulation of corticotropin secretion |
| negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep |
| negative regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process |
| lipid export from cell |
| positive regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction |
| growth hormone secretion |
| regulation of cortisol secretion |
| positive regulation of adipose tissue development |
| regulation of corticotropin secretion |
| positive regulation of response to extracellular stimulus |
| positive regulation of response to nutrient levels |
| positive regulation of glucocorticoid secretion |
| positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep |
| regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction |
| regulation of growth rate |
| regulation of eating behavior |
| negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process |
| gastric acid secretion |
| regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep |
| positive regulation of bone development |
| positive regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion |
| negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion |
| regulation of adipose tissue development |
| positive regulation of growth hormone secretion |
| regulation of glucocorticoid secretion |
| adult feeding behavior |
| protein tyrosine kinase activator activity |
| positive regulation of digestive system process |
| positive regulation of steroid hormone secretion |
| positive regulation of feeding behavior |
| endocrine hormone secretion |
| regulation of growth hormone secretion |
| positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation |
| negative regulation of circadian rhythm |
| regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion |
| postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission |
| negative regulation of behavior |
| regulation of transmission of nerve impulse |
| positive regulation of circadian rhythm |
| regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep |
| regulation of response to food |
| regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation |
| regulation of steroid hormone secretion |
| regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle |
| regulation of appetite |
| regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process |
| regulation of bone development |
| decidualization |
| regulation of response to nutrient levels |
| regulation of response to extracellular stimulus |
| negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production |
| positive regulation of behavior |
| regulation of feeding behavior |
| regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion |
| regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process |
| positive regulation of response to drug |
| positive regulation of multicellular organism growth |
| positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction |
| negative regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process |
| positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus |
| negative regulation of interleukin-1 production |
| maternal placenta development |
| negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation |
| negative regulation of insulin secretion |
| positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis |
| regulation of digestive system process |
| negative regulation of interleukin-6 production |
| response to electrical stimulus |
| regulation of endocrine process |
| positive regulation of muscle contraction |
| negative regulation of peptide hormone secretion |
| endocrine process |
| actin polymerization or depolymerization |
| positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity |
| regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus |
| peptide hormone secretion |
| negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production |
| regulation of smooth muscle contraction |
| negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production |
| positive regulation of lipid transport |
| excitatory postsynaptic potential |
| negative regulation of hormone secretion |
| maternal process involved in female pregnancy |
| G protein-coupled receptor binding |
| positive regulation of synapse assembly |
| regulation of multicellular organism growth |
| chemical synaptic transmission, postsynaptic |
| negative regulation of cytokine secretion |
| regulation of sprouting angiogenesis |
| positive regulation of blood circulation |
| hormone secretion |
| regulation of behavior |
| positive regulation of insulin secretion |
| digestive system process |
| response to estrogen |
| acid secretion |
| hormone transport |
| positive regulation of lipid localization |
| regulation of interleukin-1 beta production |
| Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse |
| postsynapse |
| feeding behavior |
| regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity |
| positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation |
| regulation of interleukin-1 production |
| regulation of postsynapse organization |
| positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion |
| positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis |
| regulation of response to drug |
| regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential |
| dendrite development |
| negative regulation of angiogenesis |
| regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process |
| regulation of synapse assembly |
| negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis |
| regulation of lipid transport |
| digestion |
| glucose metabolic process |
| regulation of circadian rhythm |
| negative regulation of vasculature development |
| secretory granule lumen |
| negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation |
| positive regulation of hormone secretion |
| regulation of endothelial cell proliferation |
| negative regulation of protein secretion |
| negative regulation of inflammatory response |
| regulation of nervous system process |
| organic hydroxy compound transport |
| regulation of lipid localization |
| negative regulation of peptide secretion |
| regulation of interleukin-6 production |
| regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis |
| adult behavior |
| regulation of tumor necrosis factor production |
| drug transport |
| placenta development |
| regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production |
| activation of MAPK activity |
| hexose metabolic process |
| regulation of muscle contraction |
| positive regulation of angiogenesis |
| signal release |
| hormone-mediated signaling pathway |
| positive regulation of developmental growth |
| cartilage development |
| peptide secretion |
| regulation of insulin secretion |
| female pregnancy |
| negative regulation of protein transport |
| positive regulation of vasculature development |
| negative regulation of establishment of protein localization |
| positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation |
| positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation |
| monosaccharide metabolic process |
| negative regulation of secretion by cell |
| regulation of cytokine secretion |
| negative regulation of defense response |
| regulation of peptide hormone secretion |
| multi-multicellular organism process |
| regulation of synapse organization |
| connective tissue development |
| regulation of synapse structure or activity |
| negative regulation of secretion |
| regulation of muscle system process |
| actin filament organization |
| regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation |
| positive regulation of growth |
| positive regulation of MAP kinase activity |
| regulation of hormone secretion |
| positive regulation of protein secretion |
| negative regulation of cytokine production |
| positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration |
| regulation of angiogenesis |
| regulation of blood circulation |
| positive regulation of peptide secretion |
| axon |
| lipid transport |
| endoplasmic reticulum lumen |
| regulation of vasculature development |
| lipid localization |
| negative regulation of locomotion |
| regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration |
| activation of protein kinase activity |
| regulation of developmental growth |
| regulation of epithelial cell proliferation |
| regulation of inflammatory response |
| positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity |
| regulation of MAP kinase activity |
| glutamatergic synapse |
| negative regulation of response to external stimulus |
| positive regulation of secretion by cell |
| chemical synaptic transmission |
| anterograde trans-synaptic signaling |
| positive regulation of protein transport |
| reproductive structure development |
| cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in cell-cell signaling |
| reproductive system development |
| regulation of membrane potential |
| positive regulation of secretion |
| cellular calcium ion homeostasis |
| trans-synaptic signaling |
| modulation of chemical synaptic transmission |
| regulation of trans-synaptic signaling |
| calcium ion homeostasis |
| supramolecular fiber organization |
| positive regulation of establishment of protein localization |
| synaptic signaling |
| regulation of protein secretion |
| cellular divalent inorganic cation homeostasis |
| carbohydrate metabolic process |
| negative regulation of transport |
| divalent inorganic cation homeostasis |
| actin cytoskeleton organization |
| regulation of peptide secretion |
| skeletal system development |
| response to nutrient levels |
| regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity |
| positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis |
| response to extracellular stimulus |
| regulation of hormone levels |
| positive regulation of protein kinase activity |
| positive regulation of nervous system development |
| positive regulation of MAPK cascade |
| cellular metal ion homeostasis |
| actin filament-based process |
| behavior |
| positive regulation of kinase activity |
| regulation of system process |
| positive regulation of response to external stimulus |
| cellular response to hormone stimulus |
| metal ion homeostasis |
| cellular cation homeostasis |
| cellular ion homeostasis |
| positive regulation of transferase activity |
| neuron projection development |
| developmental process involved in reproduction |
| regulation of growth |
| negative regulation of cell population proliferation |
| regulation of cytokine production |
| cation homeostasis |
| regulation of protein transport |
| inorganic ion homeostasis |
| regulation of peptide transport |
| cellular chemical homeostasis |
| regulation of establishment of protein localization |
| regulation of secretion by cell |
| regulation of MAPK cascade |
| regulation of defense response |
| ion homeostasis |
| regulation of protein kinase activity |
| regulation of secretion |
| neuron development |
| multicellular organismal reproductive process |
| multicellular organism reproduction |
| regulation of kinase activity |
| negative regulation of apoptotic process |
| cellular homeostasis |
| negative regulation of programmed cell death |
| response to hormone |
| regulation of cellular localization |
| positive regulation of cell population proliferation |
| regulation of nervous system development |
| negative regulation of developmental process |
| regulation of cellular component biogenesis |
| regulation of transferase activity |
| regulation of locomotion |
| positive regulation of transport |
| negative regulation of cell death |
| multi-organism reproductive process |
| secretion by cell |
| neuron differentiation |
| positive regulation of protein phosphorylation |
| positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction |
| response to drug |
| regulation of protein localization |
| export from cell |
| positive regulation of phosphorylation |
| regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis |
| regulation of response to external stimulus |
| negative regulation of protein metabolic process |
| cytoskeleton organization |
| chemical homeostasis |
| cell-cell signaling |
| secretion |
| plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization |
| positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process |
| positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process |
| response to abiotic stimulus |
| cell projection organization |
| negative regulation of multicellular organismal process |
| positive regulation of cellular component organization |
| cellular response to endogenous stimulus |
| positive regulation of protein modification process |
| G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway |
| negative regulation of cell communication |
| negative regulation of signaling |
| positive regulation of developmental process |
| nervous system process |
| reproductive process |
| reproduction |
| positive regulation of catalytic activity |
| regulation of protein phosphorylation |
| negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process |
| response to endogenous stimulus |
| regulation of response to stress |
| negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process |
| generation of neurons |
| peptide transport |
| regulation of apoptotic process |
| negative regulation of biosynthetic process |
| regulation of programmed cell death |
| amide transport |
| regulation of phosphorylation |
| extracellular space |
| positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process |
| regulation of cell population proliferation |
| negative regulation of response to stimulus |
| neurogenesis |
| homeostatic process |
| cell development |
| positive regulation of signal transduction |
| regulation of cell death |
| positive regulation of protein metabolic process |
| positive regulation of multicellular organismal process |
| small molecule metabolic process |
| tissue development |
| positive regulation of molecular function |
| regulation of phosphate metabolic process |
| regulation of phosphorus metabolic process |
| positive regulation of cell communication |
| positive regulation of signaling |
| regulation of intracellular signal transduction |
| regulation of protein modification process |
| nitrogen compound transport |
| regulation of transport |
| extracellular region |
| system process |
CRISPR Data
Compound Hit Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)
Compound Hit
| Screen | Score |
|---|---|
| Methotrexate 0.01μM R08 exp501 | 1.79 |
Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics
No correlation found to any other genes in chemogenomics.
Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 0/739
| Tissue | Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential |
|---|---|
| 1290807.0 | 0/1 |
| 909776.0 | 0/1 |
| bile duct | 0/28 |
| blood | 0/28 |
| bone | 0/26 |
| breast | 0/33 |
| central nervous system | 0/56 |
| cervix | 0/4 |
| colorectal | 0/17 |
| esophagus | 0/13 |
| fibroblast | 0/1 |
| gastric | 0/16 |
| kidney | 0/21 |
| liver | 0/20 |
| lung | 0/75 |
| lymphocyte | 0/16 |
| ovary | 0/26 |
| pancreas | 0/24 |
| peripheral nervous system | 0/16 |
| plasma cell | 0/15 |
| prostate | 0/1 |
| skin | 0/24 |
| soft tissue | 0/9 |
| thyroid | 0/2 |
| upper aerodigestive | 0/22 |
| urinary tract | 0/29 |
| uterus | 0/5 |
Essentiality in NALM6
- Essentiality Rank: 16137
- Expression level (log2 read counts): 0.13
Expression Distribution
GHRL Expression in NALM6 Cells: 0.13
