GRHL2 [The Human Chemical-Genetic Interaction Map Project]

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======= GRHL2 =======


== Gene Information ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Symbol</color>**: GRHL2
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Name</color>**: grainyhead like transcription factor 2
  * **<color #00a2e8>Aliases and Previous Symbols</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez ID</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=79977|79977]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt</color>**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q6ISB3|Q6ISB3]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>Interactions</color>**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=GRHL2&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>PubMed articles</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20GRHL2|Open PubMed]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>OMIM</color>**: [[https://omim.org/entry/608576|Open OMIM]]

== Function Summary ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez Summary</color>**:  The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that can act as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with either GRHL1 or GRHL3. Defects in this gene are a cause of non-syndromic sensorineural deafness autosomal dominant type 28 (DFNA28).[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]. 
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt Summary</color>**:  Transcription factor playing an important role in primary neurulation and in epithelial development (PubMed:25152456). Binds directly to the consensus DNA sequence 5'-AACCGGTT-3' acting as an activator and repressor on distinct target genes (By similarity). During embryogenesis, plays unique and cooperative roles with GRHL3 in establishing distinct zones of primary neurulation. Essential for closure 3 (rostral end of the forebrain), functions cooperatively with GRHL3 in closure 2 (forebrain/midbrain boundary) and posterior neuropore closure (By similarity). Regulates epithelial morphogenesis acting as a target gene-associated transcriptional activator of apical junctional complex components. Up-regulates of CLDN3 and CLDN4, as well as of RAB25, which increases the CLDN4 protein and its localization at tight junctions (By similarity). Comprises an essential component of the transcriptional machinery that establishes appropriate expression levels of CLDN4 and CDH1 in different types of epithelia. Exhibits functional redundancy with GRHL3 in epidermal morphogenetic events and epidermal wound repair (By similarity). In lung, forms a regulatory loop with NKX2-1 that coordinates lung epithelial cell morphogenesis and differentiation (By similarity). In keratinocytes, plays a role in telomerase activation during cellular proliferation, regulates TERT expression by binding to TERT promoter region and inhibiting DNA methylation at the 5'-CpG island, possibly by interfering with DNMT1 enzyme activity (PubMed:19015635, PubMed:20938050). In addition, impairs keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal function by inhibiting the expression of genes clustered at the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) as well as GRHL1 and GRHL3 through epigenetic mechanisms (PubMed:23254293). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8K5C0, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19015635, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20938050, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20978075, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23254293, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25152456, ECO:0000305|PubMed:12175488}.

<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='Pfam_Domains'>Pfam Domains</button>
<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='GO_terms'>GO Terms</button>


<modal id='Pfam_Domains' size='lg' title='Pfam Domains'>
|CP2|
</modal>

<modal id='GO_terms' size='lg' title='GO Terms'>
|epithelial cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development|
|intronic transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding|
|epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in placental branching|
|anterior neural tube closure|
|lung lobe development|
|lung lobe morphogenesis|
|negative regulation of keratinocyte differentiation|
|branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis|
|negative regulation of epidermal cell differentiation|
|negative regulation of epidermis development|
|lung epithelial cell differentiation|
|labyrinthine layer morphogenesis|
|lung cell differentiation|
|regulation of DNA methylation|
|embryonic placenta morphogenesis|
|cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development|
|lung epithelium development|
|epithelial cell morphogenesis|
|bicellular tight junction assembly|
|positive regulation of telomerase activity|
|tight junction assembly|
|tight junction organization|
|negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation|
|regulation of keratinocyte differentiation|
|lung morphogenesis|
|apical junction assembly|
|embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis|
|labyrinthine layer development|
|face development|
|regulation of telomerase activity|
|embryonic digit morphogenesis|
|regulation of epidermal cell differentiation|
|cranial skeletal system development|
|positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process|
|chromatin DNA binding|
|cardiac ventricle morphogenesis|
|multicellular organism growth|
|regulation of epidermis development|
|epithelium migration|
|embryonic placenta development|
|neural tube closure|
|tube closure|
|tissue migration|
|embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis|
|primary neural tube formation|
|cell-cell junction assembly|
|neural tube formation|
|regulation of DNA biosynthetic process|
|embryonic epithelial tube formation|
|embryonic appendage morphogenesis|
|embryonic limb morphogenesis|
|embryonic skeletal system development|
|cardiac chamber morphogenesis|
|cardiac ventricle development|
|epithelial tube formation|
|cell-cell junction organization|
|regulation of epithelial cell differentiation|
|morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium|
|tube formation|
|limb morphogenesis|
|appendage morphogenesis|
|placenta development|
|morphogenesis of a branching epithelium|
|neural tube development|
|cell junction assembly|
|morphogenesis of a branching structure|
|lung development|
|cardiac chamber development|
|cell-cell junction|
|respiratory tube development|
|limb development|
|appendage development|
|epithelial cell development|
|positive regulation of DNA metabolic process|
|respiratory system development|
|cell junction organization|
|skeletal system morphogenesis|
|heart morphogenesis|
|embryonic organ morphogenesis|
|epithelial tube morphogenesis|
|camera-type eye development|
|regulation of DNA metabolic process|
|eye development|
|visual system development|
|sensory system development|
|in utero embryonic development|
|developmental growth|
|growth|
|epidermis development|
|sequence-specific DNA binding|
|reproductive structure development|
|reproductive system development|
|morphogenesis of an epithelium|
|embryonic organ development|
|DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific|
|skeletal system development|
|heart development|
|sensory organ development|
|cell population proliferation|
|cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation|
|tissue morphogenesis|
|embryonic morphogenesis|
|chordate embryonic development|
|embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching|
|tube morphogenesis|
|positive regulation of transferase activity|
|developmental process involved in reproduction|
|DNA-binding transcription factor activity|
|epithelial cell differentiation|
|negative regulation of cell differentiation|
|cell morphogenesis|
|brain development|
|head development|
|cellular component morphogenesis|
|tube development|
|circulatory system development|
|anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis|
|cell adhesion|
|biological adhesion|
|negative regulation of developmental process|
|animal organ morphogenesis|
|embryo development|
|regulation of transferase activity|
|central nervous system development|
|epithelium development|
|negative regulation of multicellular organismal process|
|positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II|
|reproductive process|
|reproduction|
|positive regulation of catalytic activity|
|positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated|
|DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific|
|positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription|
|positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process|
|cell development|
|positive regulation of RNA metabolic process|
|tissue development|
|positive regulation of molecular function|
|regulation of cell differentiation|
|positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of gene expression|
|membrane|
|positive regulation of biosynthetic process|
</modal>
\\

 === CRISPR Data ===
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Compound_Hit'>Compound Hit</button>
<button type='default' size='small' modal='Most_Correlated_Genes'>Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Essential_Avana'>Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)</button>

<modal id='Compound_Hit' size='lg' title='Compound Hit'>
^Screen^Score^
|[[:results:exp160|Ribavirin 10 to 15μM on day4 R04 exp160]]|1.71|
|[[:results:exp162|BI-D1870 2μM R04 exp162]]|1.79|
|[[:results:exp243|S-trityl-L-cysteine 0.5μM R05 exp243]]|1.84|
|[[:results:exp80|RO-3307 4.7μM R02 exp80]]|1.85|
</modal>

<modal id='Most_Correlated_Genes' size='lg' title='Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics'>
No correlation found to any other genes in chemogenomics.
</modal>

<modal id='Essential_Avana' size='lg' title='Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)'>
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 3/739
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|0/1|
|bile duct|1/28|
|blood|0/28|
|bone|0/26|
|breast|0/33|
|central nervous system|0/56|
|cervix|0/4|
|colorectal|0/17|
|esophagus|0/13|
|fibroblast|0/1|
|gastric|0/16|
|kidney|0/21|
|liver|0/20|
|lung|0/75|
|lymphocyte|0/16|
|ovary|0/26|
|pancreas|0/24|
|peripheral nervous system|0/16|
|plasma cell|0/15|
|prostate|1/1|
|skin|0/24|
|soft tissue|0/9|
|thyroid|0/2|
|upper aerodigestive|0/22|
|urinary tract|0/29|
|uterus|0/5|
</modal>

== Essentiality in NALM6  ==
    * **<color #00a2e8>Essentiality Rank</color>**: 15147
    * **<color #00a2e8>Expression level (log2 read counts)</color>**: -0.59 
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Dist_expr'>Expression Distribution</button>
<modal id='Dist_expr' size='lg' title='GRHL2 Expression in NALM6 Cells: -0.59'>
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}
</modal>