HNRNPU [The Human Chemical-Genetic Interaction Map Project]

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======= HNRNPU =======


== Gene Information ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Symbol</color>**: HNRNPU
  * **<color #00a2e8>Official Name</color>**: heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U
  * **<color #00a2e8>Aliases and Previous Symbols</color>**: N/A
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez ID</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=3192|3192]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt</color>**: [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q00839|Q00839]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>Interactions</color>**: [[https://thebiogrid.org/search.php?search=HNRNPU&organism=9606|BioGRID]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>PubMed articles</color>**: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gene%20HNRNPU|Open PubMed]]
  * **<color #00a2e8>OMIM</color>**: [[https://omim.org/entry/602869|Open OMIM]]

== Function Summary ==
  * **<color #00a2e8>Entrez Summary</color>**:  This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that bind nucleic acids and function in the formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes in the nucleus with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). The encoded protein has affinity for both RNA and DNA, and binds scaffold-attached region (SAR) DNA. Mutations in this gene have been associated with epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 54. A pseudogene of this gene has been identified on chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2017]. 
  * **<color #00a2e8>UniProt Summary</color>**:  DNA- and RNA-binding protein involved in several cellular processes such as nuclear chromatin organization, telomere-length regulation, transcription, mRNA alternative splicing and stability, Xist-mediated transcriptional silencing and mitotic cell progression (PubMed:10490622, PubMed:18082603, PubMed:19029303, PubMed:22325991, PubMed:25986610, PubMed:28622508). Plays a role in the regulation of interphase large-scale gene-rich chromatin organization through chromatin- associated RNAs (caRNAs) in a transcription-dependent manner, and thereby maintains genomic stability (PubMed:1324173, PubMed:8174554, PubMed:28622508). Required for the localization of the long non-coding Xist RNA on the inactive chromosome X (Xi) and the subsequent initiation and maintenance of X-linked transcriptional gene silencing during X-inactivation (By similarity). Plays a role as a RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme transcription regulator (PubMed:8174554, PubMed:9353307, PubMed:10490622, PubMed:15711563, PubMed:19617346, PubMed:23811339). Promotes transcription initiation by direct association with the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor complex for the assembly of a functional pre-initiation complex with Pol II in a actin-dependent manner (PubMed:10490622, PubMed:15711563). Blocks Pol II transcription elongation activity by inhibiting the C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphorylation of Pol II and dissociates from Pol II pre-initiation complex prior to productive transcription elongation (PubMed:10490622). Positively regulates CBX5-induced transcriptional gene silencing and retention of CBX5 in the nucleus (PubMed:19617346). Negatively regulates glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptional activation (PubMed:9353307). Key regulator of transcription initiation and elongation in embryonic stem cells upon leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signaling (By similarity). Involved in the long non-coding RNA H19-mediated Pol II transcriptional repression (PubMed:23811339). Participates in the circadian regulation of the core clock component ARNTL/BMAL1 transcription (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of telomere length (PubMed:18082603). Plays a role as a global pre-mRNA alternative splicing modulator by regulating U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) biogenesis (PubMed:22325991). Plays a role in mRNA stability (PubMed:17174306, PubMed:17289661, PubMed:19029303). Component of the CRD-mediated complex that promotes MYC mRNA stabilization (PubMed:19029303). Enhances the expression of specific genes, such as tumor necrosis factor TNFA, by regulating mRNA stability, possibly through binding to the 3'- untranslated region (UTR) (PubMed:17174306). Plays a role in mitotic cell cycle regulation (PubMed:21242313, PubMed:25986610). Involved in the formation of stable mitotic spindle microtubules (MTs) attachment to kinetochore, spindle organization and chromosome congression (PubMed:21242313). Phosphorylation at Ser- 59 by PLK1 is required for chromosome alignement and segregation and progression through mitosis (PubMed:25986610). Contributes also to the targeting of AURKA to mitotic spindle MTs (PubMed:21242313). Binds to double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA, poly(A), poly(C) and poly(G) oligoribonucleotides (PubMed:1628625, PubMed:8068679, PubMed:8174554, PubMed:9204873, PubMed:9405365). Binds to chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) (PubMed:28622508). Associates with chromatin to scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) elements in a chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs)-dependent manner (PubMed:7509195, PubMed:1324173, PubMed:9204873, PubMed:9405365, PubMed:10671544, PubMed:11003645, PubMed:11909954, PubMed:28622508). Binds to the Xist RNA (PubMed:26244333). Binds the long non-coding H19 RNA (PubMed:23811339). Binds to SMN1/2 pre-mRNAs at G/U-rich regions (PubMed:22325991). Binds to small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) (PubMed:22325991). Binds to the 3'-UTR of TNFA mRNA (PubMed:17174306). Binds (via RNA-binding RGG-box region) to the long non-coding Xist RNA; this binding is direct and bridges the Xist RNA and the inactive chromosome X (Xi) (By similarity). Also negatively regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation upon LIF signaling (By similarity). Required for embryonic development (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8VEK3, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10490622, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10671544, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11003645, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11909954, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1324173, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15711563, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1628625, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17174306, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17289661, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18082603, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19029303, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19617346, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21242313, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22325991, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23811339, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25986610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26244333, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28622508, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7509195, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8068679, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8174554, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9204873, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9353307, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9405365}.

<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='Pfam_Domains'>Pfam Domains</button>
<button type='primary' size='sm' modal='GO_terms'>GO Terms</button>


<modal id='Pfam_Domains' size='lg' title='Pfam Domains'>
|SPRY|
|SAP|
</modal>

<modal id='GO_terms' size='lg' title='GO Terms'>
|RNA localization to chromatin|
|inactive sex chromosome|
|protein localization to spindle microtubule|
|poly(C) RNA binding|
|regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore|
|positive regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore|
|mitotic spindle microtubule|
|dendritic transport of ribonucleoprotein complex|
|dendritic transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex|
|TFIIH-class transcription factor complex binding|
|RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain binding|
|positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore|
|CRD-mediated mRNA stabilization|
|CRD-mediated mRNA stability complex|
|positive regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity|
|regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity|
|regulation of metaphase plate congression|
|snRNA binding|
|poly(G) binding|
|dendritic transport|
|regulation of isomerase activity|
|positive regulation of isomerase activity|
|positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation|
|protein localization to microtubule|
|regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore|
|negative regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter|
|axo-dendritic protein transport|
|mitotic spindle midzone|
|sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding|
|negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation|
|pre-mRNA binding|
|regulation of brown fat cell differentiation|
|positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation|
|dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome|
|dosage compensation|
|adaptive thermogenesis|
|negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase|
|telomerase holoenzyme complex|
|negative regulation of stem cell differentiation|
|telomerase RNA binding|
|regulation of mitotic spindle assembly|
|maintenance of protein location in nucleus|
|poly(A) binding|
|negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening|
|nuclear chromosome|
|positive regulation of chromosome segregation|
|regulation of spindle assembly|
|regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter|
|dendrite cytoplasm|
|ribonucleoprotein complex binding|
|RNA polymerase II complex binding|
|protein localization to microtubule cytoskeleton|
|negative regulation of telomere maintenance|
|maintenance of protein localization in organelle|
|protein localization to cytoskeleton|
|positive regulation of stem cell proliferation|
|regulation of mitotic spindle organization|
|negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process|
|mRNA stabilization|
|regulation of spindle organization|
|single-stranded RNA binding|
|RNA stabilization|
|promoter-specific chromatin binding|
|regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation|
|negative regulation of mRNA catabolic process|
|positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division|
|regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase|
|positive regulation of ATPase activity|
|cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus|
|cellular response to corticosteroid stimulus|
|negative regulation of RNA catabolic process|
|cardiac muscle cell development|
|regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening|
|positive regulation of fat cell differentiation|
|circadian regulation of gene expression|
|regulation of stem cell proliferation|
|cardiac cell development|
|regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome|
|positive regulation of nuclear division|
|axo-dendritic transport|
|microtubule-based protein transport|
|protein transport along microtubule|
|regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation|
|cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule|
|RNA polymerase II transcription factor complex|
|chromatin DNA binding|
|double-stranded RNA binding|
|maintenance of protein location in cell|
|mRNA 3-UTR binding|
|mitotic spindle|
|negative regulation of mRNA metabolic process|
|regulation of sister chromatid segregation|
|regulation of ATPase activity|
|regulation of telomere maintenance|
|catalytic step 2 spliceosome|
|kinetochore|
|cardiac muscle cell differentiation|
|condensed chromosome kinetochore|
|maintenance of location in cell|
|cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor|
|response to leukemia inhibitory factor|
|regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome|
|regulation of chromosome segregation|
|double-stranded DNA binding|
|maintenance of protein location|
|single-stranded DNA binding|
|nuclear matrix|
|regulation of DNA biosynthetic process|
|cardiocyte differentiation|
|regulation of stem cell differentiation|
|negative regulation of DNA metabolic process|
|regulation of fat cell differentiation|
|spindle pole|
|osteoblast differentiation|
|negative regulation of chromosome organization|
|striated muscle cell development|
|regulation of RNA splicing|
|regulation of mRNA processing|
|circadian rhythm|
|response to glucocorticoid|
|muscle cell development|
|positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle|
|ribonucleoprotein complex|
|transport along microtubule|
|midbody|
|response to corticosteroid|
|protein localization to nucleus|
|cardiac muscle tissue development|
|maintenance of location|
|regulation of mitotic nuclear division|
|positive regulation of chromosome organization|
|cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport|
|regulation of mRNA stability|
|microtubule-based transport|
|regulation of RNA stability|
|cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus|
|regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization|
|regulation of chromatin organization|
|regulation of nuclear division|
|RNA transport|
|nucleic acid transport|
|establishment of RNA localization|
|regulation of mRNA catabolic process|
|striated muscle cell differentiation|
|RNA localization|
|regulation of organelle assembly|
|regulation of microtubule-based process|
|regulation of gene expression, epigenetic|
|nucleobase-containing compound transport|
|transcription corepressor activity|
|muscle cell differentiation|
|negative regulation of kinase activity|
|negative regulation of cellular catabolic process|
|protein-containing complex localization|
|ossification|
|protein-containing complex binding|
|actin binding|
|microtubule-based movement|
|negative regulation of transferase activity|
|rhythmic process|
|striated muscle tissue development|
|positive regulation of cell cycle process|
|muscle tissue development|
|RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with bulged adenosine as nucleophile|
|mRNA splicing, via spliceosome|
|RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions|
|negative regulation of catabolic process|
|response to steroid hormone|
|regulation of mRNA metabolic process|
|regulation of chromosome organization|
|regulation of DNA metabolic process|
|negative regulation of organelle organization|
|positive regulation of cell cycle|
|chromatin binding|
|RNA splicing|
|nuclear speck|
|negative regulation of phosphorylation|
|muscle structure development|
|mRNA processing|
|centrosome|
|cell division|
|RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding|
|cellular response to lipid|
|posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression|
|heart development|
|regulation of cytoskeleton organization|
|cellular response to organic cyclic compound|
|negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|protein-containing complex|
|cellular response to hormone stimulus|
|cell surface|
|positive regulation of organelle organization|
|regulation of mitotic cell cycle|
|microtubule-based process|
|mRNA metabolic process|
|chromatin organization|
|negative regulation of cellular component organization|
|negative regulation of cell differentiation|
|protein localization to organelle|
|regulation of cell cycle process|
|positive regulation of hydrolase activity|
|negative regulation of catalytic activity|
|regulation of cellular catabolic process|
|response to lipid|
|negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II|
|circulatory system development|
|regulation of kinase activity|
|RNA processing|
|response to hormone|
|regulation of cellular localization|
|positive regulation of cell population proliferation|
|response to organic cyclic compound|
|negative regulation of developmental process|
|regulation of cellular component biogenesis|
|positive regulation of cell differentiation|
|regulation of transferase activity|
|intracellular protein transport|
|regulation of catabolic process|
|cellular response to cytokine stimulus|
|chromosome organization|
|identical protein binding|
|response to cytokine|
|negative regulation of molecular function|
|regulation of cell cycle|
|negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated|
|positive regulation of cellular component organization|
|positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II|
|cellular response to endogenous stimulus|
|negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription|
|negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process|
|regulation of hydrolase activity|
|regulation of organelle organization|
|negative regulation of RNA metabolic process|
|cell cycle|
|positive regulation of developmental process|
|negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|RNA binding|
|positive regulation of catalytic activity|
|negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|DNA binding|
|negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|response to endogenous stimulus|
|ATP binding|
|protein transport|
|negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|intracellular transport|
|peptide transport|
|positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated|
|negative regulation of biosynthetic process|
|movement of cell or subcellular component|
|amide transport|
|cellular protein localization|
|regulation of phosphorylation|
|cellular macromolecule localization|
|establishment of protein localization|
|regulation of cell population proliferation|
|positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription|
|positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process|
|cell development|
|RNA metabolic process|
|negative regulation of gene expression|
|positive regulation of RNA metabolic process|
|tissue development|
|positive regulation of molecular function|
|regulation of phosphate metabolic process|
|regulation of phosphorus metabolic process|
|regulation of cell differentiation|
|establishment of localization in cell|
|nitrogen compound transport|
|positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process|
|positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process|
|positive regulation of gene expression|
|membrane|
|gene expression|
|positive regulation of biosynthetic process|
</modal>
\\

 === CRISPR Data ===
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Compound_Hit'>Compound Hit</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Most_Correlated_Genes'>Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics</button>
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Essential_Avana'>Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)</button>

<modal id='Compound_Hit' size='lg' title='Compound Hit'>
^Screen^Score^
|[[:results:exp106|UM131593 0.2μM R03 exp106]]|-2.21|
|[[:results:exp8|Brefeldin A 0.02μM R00 exp8]]|-2.04|
|[[:results:exp312|2-Methoxyestradiol 0.55 to 1μM on day4 R07 exp312]]|-1.82|
|[[:results:exp59|UMK57 1μM R01 exp59]]|-1.8|
|[[:results:exp19|Etoposide 1μM R00 exp19]]|-1.77|
|[[:results:exp35|TRAIL 5ng/ml R00 exp35]]|-1.73|
|[[:results:exp274|Citral 50μM R06 exp274]]|1.7|
|[[:results:exp485|GSK626616 14μM R08 exp485]]|1.7|
|[[:results:exp164|Q15 1 to 2μM on day4 R04 exp164]]|1.7|
|[[:results:exp458|Bisphenol S 100μM R08 exp458]]|1.71|
|[[:results:exp101|Nicotinamide 1000μM R03 exp101]]|1.74|
|[[:results:exp240|Pyridostatin 4μM R05 exp240]]|1.8|
|[[:results:exp354|Diepoxybutane 3μM R07 exp354]]|1.86|
|[[:results:exp442|Ibrutinib 10μM R08 exp442]]|1.86|
|[[:results:exp414|Tozasertib 0.1μM R07 exp414]]|1.95|
|[[:results:exp234|Ethanol 0.01 R05 exp234]]|2.28|
|[[:results:exp102|Nifuroxazide 5μM R03 exp102]]|2.36|
|[[:results:exp535|Trimetrexate 0.03μM R08 exp535]]|2.38|
|[[:results:exp359|FK-506 30μM R07 exp359]]|2.49|
|[[:results:exp122|Golgicide-A 4μM R03 exp122]]|2.53|
</modal>

<modal id='Most_Correlated_Genes' size='lg' title='Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics'>
^Gene^Correlation^
|[[:human genes:w:wbp11|WBP11]]|0.414|
|[[:human genes:a:arid4b|ARID4B]]|0.414|
</modal>

<modal id='Essential_Avana' size='lg' title='Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)'>
Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 448/739
^Tissue^Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential^
|1290807.0|0/1|
|909776.0|1/1|
|bile duct|21/28|
|blood|15/28|
|bone|16/26|
|breast|17/33|
|central nervous system|33/56|
|cervix|2/4|
|colorectal|9/17|
|esophagus|7/13|
|fibroblast|1/1|
|gastric|12/16|
|kidney|18/21|
|liver|16/20|
|lung|40/75|
|lymphocyte|10/16|
|ovary|17/26|
|pancreas|11/24|
|peripheral nervous system|6/16|
|plasma cell|11/15|
|prostate|0/1|
|skin|19/24|
|soft tissue|6/9|
|thyroid|1/2|
|upper aerodigestive|12/22|
|urinary tract|25/29|
|uterus|5/5|
</modal>

== Essentiality in NALM6  ==
    * **<color #00a2e8>Essentiality Rank</color>**: 1294
    * **<color #00a2e8>Expression level (log2 read counts)</color>**: 10.41 
<button type='primary' size='small' modal='Dist_expr'>Expression Distribution</button>
<modal id='Dist_expr' size='lg' title='HNRNPU Expression in NALM6 Cells: 10.41'>
{{:chemogenomics:nalm6 dist.png?nolink |}}
</modal>