TREX1

Gene Information

Official Symbol: TREX1
Official Name: three prime repair exonuclease 1
Aliases and Previous Symbols: N/A
Entrez ID: 11277
UniProt: Q9NSU2
Interactions: BioGRID
PubMed articles: Open PubMed
OMIM: Open OMIM

Function Summary

Entrez Summary: This gene encodes a nuclear protein with 3' exonuclease activity. The encoded protein may play a role in DNA repair and serve as a proofreading function for DNA polymerase. Mutations in this gene result in Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, chilblain lupus, Cree encephalitis, and other diseases of the immune system. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012].
UniProt Summary: Major cellular 3'-to-5' DNA exonuclease which digests single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with mismatched 3' termini. Prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity. Acts by metabolizing DNA fragments from endogenous retroelements, including L1, LTR and SINE elements. Unless degraded, these DNA fragments accumulate in the cytosol and activate the IFN-stimulatory DNA (ISD) response and innate immune signaling. Prevents chronic ATM-dependent checkpoint activation, by processing ssDNA polynucleotide species arising from the processing of aberrant DNA replication intermediates. Inefficiently degrades oxidized DNA, such as that generated upon antimicrobial reactive oxygen production or upon absorption of UV light. During GZMA-mediated cell death, contributes to DNA damage in concert with NME1. NME1 nicks one strand of DNA and TREX1 removes bases from the free 3' end to enhance DNA damage and prevent DNA end reannealing and rapid repair. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10391904, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10393201, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16818237, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17293595, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18045533, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23993650}.

Pfam Domains GO Terms

CRISPR Data

Compound Hit Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)

Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 0/739

Tissue	Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential
1290807.0	0/1
909776.0	0/1
bile duct	0/28
blood	0/28
bone	0/26
breast	0/33
central nervous system	0/56
cervix	0/4
colorectal	0/17
esophagus	0/13
fibroblast	0/1
gastric	0/16
kidney	0/21
liver	0/20
lung	0/75
lymphocyte	0/16
ovary	0/26
pancreas	0/24
peripheral nervous system	0/16
plasma cell	0/15
prostate	0/1
skin	0/24
soft tissue	0/9
thyroid	0/2
upper aerodigestive	0/22
urinary tract	0/29
uterus	0/5

Essentiality in NALM6

Essentiality Rank: 6828
Expression level (log2 read counts): 4.0

Expression Distribution

immune complex formation
immune response in brain or nervous system
detection of endogenous biotic stimulus
detection of DNA damage stimulus involved in DNA damage checkpoint
immunoglobulin biosynthetic process involved in immune response
detection of stimulus involved in cell cycle checkpoint
adenyl deoxyribonucleotide binding
CD86 biosynthetic process
immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
DNA synthesis involved in UV-damage excision repair
interferon-alpha production
T cell antigen processing and presentation
transposition, RNA-mediated
detection of endogenous stimulus
exodeoxyribonuclease III activity
regulation of lysosome organization
3-5-exodeoxyribonuclease activity
transposition
atrial cardiac muscle tissue development
MutSalpha complex binding
MutLalpha complex binding
type I interferon production
regulation of protein complex stability
cellular response to hydroxyurea
response to hydroxyurea
nuclear replication fork
oligosaccharyltransferase complex
lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation
macrophage activation involved in immune response
negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
UV-damage excision repair
response to antimetabolite
determination of adult lifespan
3-5 exonuclease activity
DNA binding, bending
cellular response to interferon-beta
detection of biotic stimulus
inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin mediated immune response
response to interferon-beta