GREM1

Gene Information

Official Symbol: GREM1
Official Name: gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist
Aliases and Previous Symbols: N/A
Entrez ID: 26585
UniProt: O60565
Interactions: BioGRID
PubMed articles: Open PubMed
OMIM: Open OMIM

Function Summary

Entrez Summary: This gene encodes a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain cystine knots and typically form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. In mouse, this protein has been shown to relay the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal from the polarizing region to the apical ectodermal ridge during limb bud outgrowth. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010].
UniProt Summary: Cytokine that may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. Down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner (By similarity). Antagonist of BMP2; inhibits BMP2-mediated differentiation of osteoblasts (in vitro) (PubMed:27036124). Acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. Can inhibit the growth or viability of normal cells but not transformed cells when is overexpressed (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O35793, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O70326, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27036124}.

Pfam Domains GO Terms

CRISPR Data

Compound Hit Most Correlated Genes in Chemogenomics Tissues where Essential in the Avana Dataset (DepMap 20Q1)

Global Fraction of Cell Lines Where Essential: 0/739

Tissue	Fraction Of Cell Lines Where Essential
1290807.0	0/1
909776.0	0/1
bile duct	0/28
blood	0/28
bone	0/26
breast	0/33
central nervous system	0/56
cervix	0/4
colorectal	0/17
esophagus	0/13
fibroblast	0/1
gastric	0/16
kidney	0/21
liver	0/20
lung	0/75
lymphocyte	0/16
ovary	0/26
pancreas	0/24
peripheral nervous system	0/16
plasma cell	0/15
prostate	0/1
skin	0/24
soft tissue	0/9
thyroid	0/2
upper aerodigestive	0/22
urinary tract	0/29
uterus	0/5

Essentiality in NALM6

Essentiality Rank: 6233
Expression level (log2 read counts): 4.24

Expression Distribution

negative regulation of bone trabecula formation
regulation of bone trabecula formation
negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation
negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in heart development
regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
determination of dorsal identity
regulation of osteoclast proliferation
determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry
negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation
morphogen activity
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding
negative regulation of mononuclear cell migration
negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation
cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation
negative regulation of bone development
negative regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
BMP binding
activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity
cardioblast differentiation
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in heart development
negative regulation of bone remodeling
negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation
negative regulation of bone mineralization
negative regulation of tissue remodeling
cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis
regulation of osteoblast proliferation
negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
regulation of bone development
regulation of monocyte chemotaxis
positive regulation of receptor internalization
positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation
negative regulation of biomineralization
positive regulation of cardiocyte differentiation